Does language play roles of equal importance in different areas of knowledge Essay

When a mother yells at her child using her child’s full name, the little fellow recognizes that he or she should not have emptied his or her mother’s perfume just so the child could see the cat sneeze. When the ballerina finally reunites with her first lover after fifty years, one can also feel the happiness as if the feeling physically emanates from the theatre and enters the embrace of the individual. Indeed, language plays many different roles in the various areas of knowledge. Language is a means for interpreting and expressing the world surrounding an individual. Language can be defined into primary and secondary levels. The primary level of language is verbal language and the secondary level of language is visual language which includes body language and facial expressions as well as gestures such as raising a flag. Knowledge can be defined as different types of justified beliefs which humans hold. There are three essential elements of every knowledge claim. What we hold to be knowledge must contain ‘truth’ inasmuch as it must not only be a belief but one that is justified. Knowledge must contain truths. A proposition that a subject does not ‘believe’ cannot be a proposition that the subject ‘knows’ leads to the idea that knowledge requires belief. Finally, knowledge requires ‘justification’ which contains the reasons and explanations of how something is ‘true’. This gives one a working definition of knowledge as ‘justified true beliefs. ’ Beliefs arise due to many causes. However, when beliefs are ‘caused’ they may not immediately qualify as knowledge. It is important for beliefs to be derived from sources which are reliable. There are five sources of knowledge: perception or senses, introspection, memory, reason and testimony. Knowledge can be subdivided into six distinct areas: Mathematics, Natural Sciences, History, Human Sciences, Ethics and Art. These six areas are not exclusive and can overlap with one another. For example, a scientist analyzing global warming may discover ethical considerations and may have to study historical data e. g. meteorological data in further analyzing the subject. One can see that the study of Natural Sciences may involve other areas of knowledge. Hence, the six areas are dynamic and overlapping. These six areas are also culturally dependent: for example, in some cultures there is no corresponding word for ‘art’. We now intend to look more specifically at the areas Art, Mathematics and History. These three specific Areas of Knowledge were chosen in order to give a wider perspective of the differing roles of language in the various areas of knowledge. The paper will reveal how the roles of language vary in importance in communicating knowledge of the world. By considering the field of Art, one must note that Art can be a function of language used to express the ‘self’ through the use of body languages, signs, actions and objects created with the intention of transmitting emotions and/or ideas. Art goes beyond the expressions words possess by giving one both abstract and concrete visual manifestations such as dances, symbols and art paintings. Art can reveal more than what words can express; the saying â€Å"a picture paints a thousand words† may very well prove this point. A smiling face can mean more than just being happy—it can also mean excitement and gratefulness. It appears, then, that there is no strict limit on the number of interpretations for any given picture. Different social backgrounds and cultures may interpret a piece of art uniquely and with different connotations. For instance, the color ‘red’ means luck and prosperity in Chinese culture while on the other hand ‘red’ amounts to danger from the perspective of the America culture. Further, the meaning of a painting or a piece of text depends upon the subjects’ interpretation. Since interpreting a piece of text is more strict and straightforward, consensus should be more easily reached. The meaning of the words of a text seems to be more objective and fixed and therefore it is more possible to agree on one interpretation of the text. On the other hand, a painting, sculpture, or any object that is labeled as ‘art’ can be interpreted in many ways. The artwork’s meaning appears to be more ambiguous than the meaning of a text. For instance, De Kooning’s paintings of women—reminiscent of abstract painting—are done with bold, slashing and swirling brush strokes which may signify grotesque imagery, violence and carelessness on one side and may signify glorification or even obsession on the other. The second Area of Knowledge to be considered is Mathematics. Mathematics uses symbols to express truths about the natural world. The use of Mathematical symbols is a manifestation of language which is a powerful way of expressing natural truths. Are these truths more valid or justified than verbal ‘truths’? Mathematical symbols do have a very strict meaning and are more exacting than one’s use of words. The case of ‘1+1=2’ seems to be logically true and expresses an external and natural truth about the world. With this, Mathematics can explain how the world actually works. However, Mathematics is only one limiting way of understanding and expressing truths about the world as it allows one to express knowledge of space and time while being futile in expressing human behavior and emotions. Some Mathematicians also claim that the language of Mathematics is the best and the most accurate way of expressing knowledge. However, can Mathematics express human emotions which are by nature very subjective? Mathematics limits an individual by merely granting one the capability to express ideas which are reducible to logical symbols. Mathematics is unable to help one express abstract ideas such as the nature of ‘beauty’, ‘virtue’ or ‘goodness’. Lastly, History uses words to obtain a written record of the past. Unlike Mathematics and Art, History seems to allow the individual to express human behavior, beliefs, ideas and emotions more fully and more accurately. It also attempts to arrive at a consensus on the true nature of past events. Since the meanings of words can vary over time, the study of a historical document may lead to ambiguity and misunderstanding among historians. For instance, although it is understood that the hieroglyphics of Ancient Egypt are symbols that tell a narrative, deciphering the precise meaning of the individual hieroglyphics is not only tedious but also unreachable. Egyptologist can only ever make an educated guess about the meanings of these symbols. The same holds true about the study of Ancient Languages such as Latin or Anglo-Saxon. Even Modern English is made up of three layers of vocabulary: Anglo-Saxon (with additions from the Old Norse), French and Latin (with additions from Greek). The roots of language become lost over time thereby obscuring the meanings of the words. In essence, a study of History, which depends on the study of ancient text, reveals how the meaning of words can fail the individual. Although words can help express human’s needs, emotions and wants, the use of words has many limitations. Since a particular word such as ‘cool’ has multiple meanings, how can a group of individuals be certain that they are referring to one and the same thing? Moreover, people from different cultures or social groups may understand ‘cool’ in very different ways. Yet, while language through words plays a primary role in communication, even the slightest variation of the word’s meaning limits people from understanding even simple statements. Further, language translations may not always be accurate. The inaccuracy of translation amounts to the failure of fully comprehending the meaning of a foreign language. A slight misunderstanding of the words appears inevitable. For example, the Chinese idiom will always be less significant than understanding the phrase in Chinese however hard people try to translate the meaning. Languages fail to fully express intuition because words oftentimes do not completely justify or express the feelings of individuals. The connotation of words makes their meaning and usage subjective. People from different cultural and social backgrounds may interpret words and ideas quite differently. For example, how does one define the word ‘love’? The abstract and diverse meaning of ‘love’ means we may have different definitions of the word and therefore misunderstandings are not farfetched. We cannot define words with words which are coherent enough to prevent the meaning from becoming ambiguous. In spite of all these, language remains a vital and important tool for humans to communicate their thoughts and ideas—as John Stuart Mill once said â€Å"language is the light of the mind†. The different roles of language forge friendships, business associations and cultural ties. While the discussion is confined to a brief discussion of the roles of language in only three areas of knowledge, one can see that language, although ambiguous and subjective at times, is still the most powerful tool individuals have in expressing knowledge of the world surrounding humanity.

If only God had made Adam & Steve, instead of Adam & Eve

In â€Å"Let Gays Marry,† Andrew Sullivan responds to conservative objections to same-sex marriages, by arguing that allowing such unions would actually promote traditional values, such as fidelity, monogamy, and love. It should logically appeal to straight conservatives, who deplore gay male promiscuity, that the declaration of Supreme Court: â€Å"A state cannot deem a class of persons a stranger to its laws,† now assigns equal rights to gays and lesbians. Andrew Sullivan is a senior editor at The New Republic, a magazine he edited from 1991 to 1996, and the U. S. columnist for the Sunday Times of London. He has a B. A. in modern history and modern languages from Oxford University and a Ph. D. in political science from Harvard University. He lives in Washington, D. C. The real problem is that there are really only three arguments against gay marriage: One is rooted in entirely God's preferences, the second cites inconclusive research on its negative effects on children, and third, the integrity of a marriage as a legal document. Sullivan effectively presents his case in a very logical fashion, calmly displaying his points, and using a statement declared by the United States Supreme Court, under which no gay men or lesbians will be considered strangers in America. They (Gays) are human beings just like you and I, â€Å"the sons and daughters of countless mothers and 2 fathers,† and should have the same opportunities to pursue happiness by marrying the one that they love. A natural process, where two people fall in love and decide to get married, is not any different for gay people. Therefore legalizing gay marriages does not provide gays with any special rights or place in America, but instead people will consider them to be an equal part of the society. The main idea is homosexuals should have the right to get married legally. Sullivan does not want churches to make any change in their practice, but to allow everyone to be who he/she is, a principle that the United States was created on. Plus, the concept of marriage has changed within the past one hundred years. The inter-caste and the inter-religion marriages which were once prohibited or forbidden between couples, has now become socially acceptable. Gay marriages do not change anyone else's rights or marriages in any way. Marriage is not just about raising children because the fact that many notable â€Å"childless heterosexual couples† exist in today's society, such as Bob Dole and his wife Elizabeth Dole, etc. Sullivan concludes by telling the general public to accept homosexual marriages and the fact that they will not be the turning point for the downfall of all society. Although I agree with Sullivan when he says, legalizing gay unions would not change anyone's right to marriage, I find Bennett's view more powerful, that it would weaken the institution of marriage, and contradict natural, moral, religious, and sexual realities. After reading Sullivan's article, I question his credibility, as he didn't provide enough evidence to get his point through. His approach toward his readers is with a lot of pathos, rather than logos. For example, when he states â€Å"And what we 3 seek is not a special place in America†¦ o give back to our society,† it is not clear as to what he means by giving back. When he argues about the definition of marriage, Sullivan fails to see the change, which was brought about for the welfare of the people (inter-caste marriages, inter-religion marriages, etc. ), consisted of a â€Å"man† and a â€Å"woman†, not two men, or two women. I would have agreed to the assertion, â€Å"the most simple, the most natural, and the most human instinct,† if it was used to prove the relationship between a male and a female. But using it to persuade about the same sex marriage doesn't cheer me up. To answer the question of whether gay and lesbian couples should have the right to marry, the question of why the institution of marriage is valued so dearly in society today must be answered. To do this, the meaning of the word marriage must be found, remembering that there are different levels in which marriage can be interpreted and/or evaluated. As with many other issues, when one tries to define the word marriage and its repercussions in society, several fundamental questions arise that must be answered in order to get a better understanding of the issue in question. Questions like: What is marriage defined as? In Webster's Dictionary, marriage is defined as â€Å"The institution whereby men and women are joined in special kind of social and legal dependence for the purpose of founding and maintaining a family. † This concept seems to have been perpetuated throughout history, one man and one woman joined â€Å"till death do them part. † Keeping the above points in view, same sex marriages defy the laws of Christianity, and it is immoral in the eyes of society. Homosexuality in almost all countries has been looked down upon, and sometimes condemned. This opposition stems from the Holy 4 Bible. The couple in the Garden of Eden was a man and a woman, not two men or two women. If God intended two men or two women to be together, he would have put them in the Garden of Eden, giving them both the ability to have children. But that didn't happen. God created Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve, for the procreation of life. God wanted man and woman to reproduce with one another in order for the human race to continue. Today, adoption has taken a turn for the worse; Gay and Lesbian couples who cannot have their own children are adopting kids. I see this as one of the concerned problems. What kind of message are these kids getting? That homosexuality is all right. Moreover, the impact of this move can be devastating on the children as they grow up. For example, they might have to face a lot of challenges, like people taunting them, name calling, making fun, etc. Homosexuality is rejected by all major religions around the globe, but Andrew Sullivan still believes that promiscuity in homosexual relationships can show heterosexual couples that adultery doesn't have to end their marriage. The Bible states, â€Å"Leviticus 20:13: If a man lies with a male as he lies with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination. They shall surely be put to death. † Thus, a 4000 year old book had an answer to the question being asked today. i. e. = Same Sex Marriage– Ethical or Unethical?

Biblical narratives Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biblical narratives - Coursework Example Narratives genre enables a clear understanding and even communicating the bible message that correspond a form of story and personal testimony which is sometimes characterized by holy script. This is, of course, fundamental modernity that allows communication among human beings. In fact the Old Testament presents a true story of salvation and powerful recital that gives substance of liturgy, catechesis and faith. In itself, the proclamation of any Christian kerygma amounts to absolutely telling of life, death and later resurrection of Jesus Christ (Fee, 2011, p. 106). According to Free and Stuart, this appears to be narrative in nature as the gospel accounts it. With respect to this narrative approach, it helps in distinguishing between analytical and theological reflection of everything that life has. The most of analyst methods which are proposed today begin from study of the ancient model of some narratives genre, while others base themselves on present day analogy in one way or another (Fee, 2011, p. 106). This is contrary to the scriptural interpretation which is aimed at reflecting the present, past and future scenarios that believers go through. Instead of reading the entire bible narrative in order to understand the major theme, purpose, flow and plot of the narrative, majority of us just read through to catch the drama, as well as the power of the story. We simply assume that we have seldom grown up with the old testament of gospel and we are familiar with everything. What has to be remembered is that, these biblical narratives were written by authors who were inspired with the Holy Spirit and should not just be interpreted as an ordinary story in its literal meaning. Since narratives do not only teach each doctrine directly, it does not necessarily mean that one must not learn some doctrine from biblical narratives. Rather than teaching

A Proposal on the Negative Implications of Social Networking in the Research Paper

A Proposal on the Negative Implications of Social Networking in the 21st Century - Research Paper Example Ethics and wellbeing of the people in the society is a very important aspect that should be considered by everyone. Societal evils lower the quality of life while presenting individuals to harm. In the earlier days, harm was inflicted on individuals mainly physically, however, with the invention of computer technologies, there has been a paradigm. In the modern context, people can effectively communicate through the social networks and engage in many ways through this virtual mode. Despite the ability to transact positive deeds, malicious individuals, and groups have used social networking as a mode of gaining an advantage over others. Such evils have happened not only been directed to individuals but also to businesses and other organizations, including government agencies.   In the recent past, media reports have indicated that social networks have become one of the main platforms for executing cybercrime.   This is based on the view that social networking is a recent technolog y that is now attracting interest. This forms the basis for developing a research proposal in order to have a study that conclusively draws findings on the negative influence of social media o the society today. In addition, it is also apparent that social networking has not reached its maximum growth, this means that as the networks continue to develop, so are the associated evils; hence, it is likely that so an all networking evils will have a bigger impact in the society if they are not addressed through research.  

Analysis of a Job Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis of a Job - Assignment Example Further, the traditional career stages will be examined and the plan that will help to avoid declining employee performance during certain stages in the career will be worked out. To appoint the best person for a certain job position, it is essential to understand the nature of that job. Here the job analysis helps to develop such understanding, exploring the tasks that will be performed in a job, the competencies that are required for doing those tasks and the link between the tasks and competencies. Job analysis can also be used to identify not only job requirements, but also fields that need development. For the administrative assistant in the newly formed organization, there should be created specific job description, because such person will deal with everything in the company and will be its ears and eyes. The description of job duties should be practical, clear and accurate to effectively define company needs. The administrative assistant is required to: possess at least one foreign language; to be able to coordinate visitors coming, create agendas and transfer maps; organize business trips (purchase tickets and book accommodation); be able to prepare documents for obtaining visas (to prepare all necessary document that precede visa getting: the invitations, the company guarantee documents, etc.); support company expats and missioners (to prepare all necessary document that precede getting residence permit and the registration in the apartment: the official invitations); assist in creation of corporate business policies and procedures that relate to the position; assist in budgeting the expenses and making the reports of the services and goods related to the position; check and track the correctness of the documents provided by the third parties: the waybills, tax invoices, the write off acts etc.; assist in checking of the correctness of the

Gangs and gang behavior - week 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gangs and gang behavior - week 8 - Essay Example The Mexikanemi gang is highly organized, as evidence suggests that its members operate under a paramilitary structure (Shelden, Tracy & Brown, 2013). The gang’s structure comprises of three components. They include the connections they have with other non-members, prospects and its members. It has lieutenants, soldiers and sergeants. The gang members are mostly involved in serious criminal offenses such as murder, drug trafficking and robbery among other crimes (Walker, 2014). Currently, the gang is still active in prisons and on the streets. For example, in the last 4 years, the gang members had murder and racketeering charges where the members also executed people. Unlike other gangs in prisons or on American streets, the gang does not have gang allies. It is only in alliance with drug cartels in San Antonia and Laredo. The gang conflicts with other gangs such as the Texas Syndicate and New Mexican Mafia. It requires all of its members to remain loyal and a potential member has to kill someone to become a gang member. Those who want to get out can only do so if they die, hence the term â€Å"blood in, blood out† among its members (Shelden, Tracy & Brown, 2013). The use of drugs and homosexuality are all

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 44

Assignment Example These two ends help the cells mix properly with water. Phospholipid bilayers contain transport and receptor proteins, which help the transport substances in and out of the cell. The plasma membrane is a semi-permeable membrane; it allows the substances needed for the functioning of the cell to enter, while filters out the rest. Also, the membrane helps maintain a cell potential inside the cell that assists in communication and the exchange of signals from outside the cell (Pandey, 2010) The three steps for cellular respiration are glycolysis, The Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis is the process in which glucose molecules are broken down from carbohydrates into pyruvates. In this process, a phosphate is removed from ATP, which becomes ADP, and is given to the glucose molecule, making it more chemically reactive. The Krebs cycle is an aerobic process, which means that it requires oxygen. It is a sequence of steps using enzymes as catalysts, which results in the complete oxidization of the Acetyl CoA molecule. The electron transport chain is the process in which most energy is released that has been trapped in the glucose molecule. The electron transport chain is a system of electron-carrying proteins that are found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The electrons are passed along these proteins and are finally joined with oxygen, which is the last electron acceptor (â€Å"Understanding Cellular Respiration†, n.d.) Respiration makes use of oxygen to perform the function of electron acceptor to form ATP. During fermentation, inorganic electron donors are used to form ATP such as sulfur and methane. Although both the processes use the same substances to produce ATP, they vary in their respective processes and the amount of energy that is released. Respiration results in the production of 38 ATP, while fermentation only manages to produce 2 ATP.

Materials & Manufacturing Process Selection Case Study - 1

Materials & Manufacturing Process Selection - Case Study Example The CES Edupack software is normally used to select the most suitable material for the brake disc. Several factors are considered when choosing a material for brake disc. These include the specific gravity of the material, thermal conductivity, wear resistance and the materials cost per unit volume. This research work focuses on the design of the brake disc and the entire brake assembly, the most commonly used material in the design and the calculations that are involved in the brake system. This research is supposed to sufficiently inform the King Swan Engineering Firm on the brake disc. The Company may, therefore, use the knowledge derived from this report to improve on the current existing brake disc. The brake disc is a metallic wheel in a brake system against which the brake pad rub. As the pad is pushed against the disc, heat is generated. The disc should there have the capacity to withstand the heat due to friction. The function of the disc is to stop the vehicle when it comes into contact with the brake pads. The brake disc is connected to the vehicles tire by means of bolts and nuts. The brake pads are normally pushed against the disc via the brake calipers. The brake discs are commonly made of grey cast irons. The cast iron, however, has some shortcomings such as high specific gravity and high heat conductivity. Application of brake discs is traced back to early 1890’s. The disc was first discovered by a scientist known as Fredrick William. The brake discs have better performance as compared to wheel drums. This is attributed to the fact that brake discs come with ventilation holes through which air circulates to the entire disc. The brake disc is composed of a brak e disc bolted to the axle or hub of the wheel hubs and the housing called calipers. The calipers. The calipers are connected to the axle casting in two parts. Each of the parts has a piston. In between the piston and the disc, there is a friction pad

The capitalistic nature of Ben Franklin Research Paper

The capitalistic nature of Ben Franklin - Research Paper Example Earlier, he was the 1st United States Postmaster General. Apart from his politician role, he was also a scientist, an inventor, a statesman, a civic activist, a satirist and last but not the least, a diplomat. Ben Franklin was proud of his working class roots and hence became a renowned newspaper editor and a printer. He partnered with William Goddard and Joseph Galloway where all of these three individuals published the Pennsylvania Chronicle; a newspaper known for its out of the league emotions and criticisms of the British monarchy within the reins of the American colonies. His wealth is accredited due to the publishing of Poor Richard’s Almanack as well as The Pennsylvania Gazette. Ben Franklin’s life was considered very colorful because he knew a lot of traits and under his aegis; undertook professions which had far-reaching conclusions. This paper discusses the capitalistic nature of Ben Franklin. As an author, Ben Franklin started to publish the renowned Poor Ric hard Almanack. This happened in 1733. He did so for both the original and borrowed content. He used the pseudonym Richard Saunders for the same. His popularity is based on this rendition. This provided him the platform to pen down further publications with several pseudonyms. The character of Richard Saunders was in denial of the role of Ben Franklin within the publication of Poor Richard Almanack, however it was well-known amongst the relevant people as the secret had come out in the open very vividly and there was no hiding. Poor Richard’s proverbs came out of this almanac where one of the most famous ones is â€Å"a penny saved is two pence dear†, or more clearly suggested as â€Å"a penny saved is a penny earned†. Another one is the â€Å"fish and visitors stink in three days†. These are common proverbs in this day and age and remain very popular within the Western folklore. These are adapted within different occasions within the society’s hold and have the ability to be termed alongside the very popular ones that are being made use of in the society (McCrary, 2009). It was in those times that the people considered it wisdom to have an adage for every occasion and Ben Franklin’s readers were always prepared for such adages. By estimates, he sold about 10,000 copies annually, which by current times are equivalent to three million or more. It was in the year 1758 that Ben Franklin stopped writing for the Poor Richard Almanack. This was the time when he printed Father Abraham’s Sermon which was widely recognized as The Way to Wealth. Similarly, Ben Franklin’s autobiography kicked off in 1771 but got published after he died in 1790. This autobiography was hailed as one of the best known classics of the related genre. Ben Franklin was also a noted inventor. His work spoke for his own self. He invented a number of items, most important of which remained the lightning rod, the Franklin stove, flexible urinar y catheter, the bifocal glasses and glass armonica. The glass armonica is a glass instrument and is very different from the metal harmonica. The most unfortunate part of his inventions was that he never patented them. In his autobiography, he confessed that he enjoyed utilizing others’ inventions but then was the time to allow others to make use of his inventions, and allow the people around the world to delve into the scope of how these inventions worked. He mentioned that he needed to do

What is the use of the study of Intelligence in international Essay

What is the use of the study of Intelligence in international relations - Essay Example He points out that American and British intelligence efforts tended to focus upon Asian intelligence primarily as they related to Soviet targets, as a result, the rush to improve intelligence efforts in Asia after 1950 did not yield immediate results, while human intelligence operations, especially in China, North Korea and Soviet Asia were particularly dangerous. Additionally, the shock of the terrorist attacks of 9/11 in particular played a role in driving home the extent of vulnerability of Western societies and the need for reliable intelligence on imminent terrorist threats3. The 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center wreaked an unprecedented level of destruction and the attention of the world was drawn sharply to the dangers posed by the terrorist threat. According to Jessica Sterne, terrorism is not the kind of enemy that can be combated on an all out open combat basis4. She defines terrorism as â€Å"a kind of virus, which spreads as a result of risk factors at various levels: global, interstate, national and personal."5 Increasing globalization has seen Internet use widening to encompass a new sphere of activities facilitated through the electronic medium.6 Information and communication technology (ICT) is used by unscrupulous individuals to distort or modify information or to spread terrorist propaganda in a manner that is likely to disrupt the normal functioning of a Government/country and create terror and panic through the weapon of threat. Such cyber crimes involve combat with an unseen enemy, anonymous in the e-maze of the Internet, who is at an unspecific geographic location that cannot be determined and may not be organized in the traditional hierarchical framework which law enforcement agencies are familiar with, so that the focus of the attack becomes indeterminate. It’s now possible to achieve individually, using

Values and ethics associated with sport Essay Example for Free

Values and ethics associated with sport Essay An explanation as to the importance of ethics and values for sporting organisation and the individuals who participate  Individual and group development has a lot to do with the ethics and values that are learnt through life. Ethics and values are important for individuals who take part in sport because sport plays a major role in a lot of peoples lives from an early age. Players and fans that are into sport tend to devote a lot of time and effort to their favourite sport. If you look into the nature of fairplay in sport for some people it leads to their understanding of fairness in a wider social setting, this is because many of our basic values, such as playing fairly are often absorbed through athletic competition because when kids are taught about sports emphasis is often put on playing fair. The underlying importance of this is that if an individual or group do not develop a proper set of ethics and values it will make them and their club look bad. An example is a player like Roy Keane who admitted in his autobiography that he broke a fellow footballers leg simply because he wanted to. From this I can understand that Roy Keane did not grow up with the same sort of values that I did. He didnt get it hammered into him when he was young that breaking someones leg isnt part and parcel of the sport. This also reflects a bad image on the club and if my memory serves me right Manchester United round about that time were considered quite a dirty club. No proud owner of a club really wants their club to be known as an aggressive bunch of cheats. It is nobler to be like Chelsea who last year not only won the Premiership but the fairplay award as well which if you look at it really makes you think yeah they are true champions because they won it fairly. You could argue that they spent 100 million pounds to win the league but they still did it fairly more so than any other team in the land and I and hopefully many other football fans respect them for it. From a strong commitment to ethics and values players can achieve likeability and move onto more successful jobs. An example is Gary Linekar he never received a yellow card in his whole life ans he has since taken over from the legendary Des Lynam as the Match of the Day host. Players with bad reputations that are openly disliked by the majority of fans are unlikely to move onto other limelight jobs when their career over as well as simply being disliked by the general public. When these players careers are over they still have to do the shopping, go out to eat etc. When they go out into the public people are going to have an opinion of them based on the ethics and values that they have shown on the field of play. Who wants to be openly disliked?  Clubs have a good public image to gain from having a strong commitment to ethics and values and all good businesses know that a good public image means more money. A consequence of bad ethics and values could be related to athletics. Probably the most talked about ethic in sport is the prohibition of using performance enhancing drugs in athletics. A lot of people do wonder what justifies this prohibition because why shouldnt athletes, especially competent adult athletes be free to take risks with their bodies? The answer to this comes down to ethics and morals most of us have about sport. This is an important rule because performance enhancing drugs such as steroids have very harmful side effects as well as providing an unfair advantage. It is important that a value such is this is instilled into athletes of all ages because really we would hope that all athletes would want to compete clean not only because they should want to see how good they can become without performance enhancing drugs but hopefully the integrity of the sport should be important to them as well. I remember I myself used to be a big fan of athletics back in the day of Linford Christie and Colin Jackson but over time I began to get tired when my heroes, the people I looked up to got stripped of their gold medals because they had cheated. Incidents like these put me off the sport and I no longer watch it, this is why it is important for individuals and organisations to have a strong set of ethics and values. Children look up to and aspire to be like a lot of the athletes that are on the TV these days and a poor showing of ethics and values by a well known professional sportsperson will surely be taken in and acknowledged as ok by many young athletes. Basically fans want to trust that an athletes accomplishments are achieved fairly. Consequences of bad ethics and values are that sportspersons integrity is totally lost, the sports integrity itself will go down and younger athletes may lose faith in wanting to be a professional. Coaches at all levels experience the pleasures of watching young people develop sport skills and contribute to successful teams. However, coaches also have important legal and ethical obligations to their athletes. Coaches need to ensure that a strong set of values are instilled right from the start of those of whom they are coaching playing days. Earlier on I described the consequences of a bad set of ethics for an individual. In my opinion a coach with a bad set ethics is far worse because it is just not him or her who looks bad it is the people he/she is influencing as well. First of the importance of a proper coaching is the influential factor. This doesnt just apply to children but to adults as well. The problem these days is that winning is everything and some coaches do actually teach that. Various coaches at the top level send their players out to win a match through diving, time wasting and fouling opposition players. So adults can be influenced as well and so can kids who are learning in much the same way that winning is everything. It is imperative that a coach instils values and ethics into a child as early as possible so that they are not so easily swayed into cheating as they get older. This once again helps keeps intact the integrity of the player, the club the play for and the sport. The benefit these players will have are that they can become an upstanding member of the public a role model that players can look up to sort of like a David Beckham figure (bad example). Consequences are that from a young age players are conditioned into thinking that winning is everything and this can spill over into real life. A sports player may cheat on a maths test or lie to get a girlfriend because the values that they learnt through their coaching apply to their real life situations. Coaches need to be a positive role model and penalise unfair play! An example I can remember when this was not done was in the final of the 1999 womens world cup. The American womens football team completed regulation and extra time play against china with the score drawn. The championship, viewed through the world by millions of fans, many of them young American girls captivated by the success of the American women, was to be settled by a penalty shootout. The coach had decided one of the Chinese shooters, Liu Ying, lacked confidence so said something to the American goalkeeper, Briana Scurry. When Ying made her move, Scurry took two quick steps forward, in violation of a rule of football, to cut off Yings shooting angle. The tactic worked. Scurry deflected Yings shot and the Americans won. As for as Im concerned Scurry acted unfairly and cheated by violating a rule on her coaches advice. It set a bad example to all the aspiring young American women and for me and many other people that watched, the American victory was tainted by unethical behaviour in a deliberate violation of the rules. I see that as a major consequence of bad ethics taught and it is still happening all over the world in other sports such as boxing where fighters have cheated in a multitude of ways through their cornermen. To be honest a lot of the people that cheat in sport through advice of their coaches are remembered only for their win and not for the cheating but there are many people still out their who view these sportspeople and the people that coached them as cheats and they have to live that for the rest of their lives. The main value statements that need to be learnt in order to obtain an NVQ in sport and recreations are that people shouldnt be discriminated against based on their age, gender, ethnic origin or if they are disabled.The reason that these value statements are in place is because in this day and age there is still a lot of prejudice in the world. Prejudice cant be afforded in competitive sport or the sports industry. Sport in reality is supposed to be all about enjoyment and achievement and shouldnt in anyway be anything to do with a disability, age or colour of someones skin. The benefits of the individuals who learn these value statements and take them in are that they will influence people to shed their differences and help understand other peoples needs and this will help to draw different types of people together. Basically differences can be buried by sport if people learn these statements then apply them to the sporting organisations they work in. An example is that they could encourage different race teams or mixed age teams or include people with disabilities. Most of the football teams that we support today have a mix of nationalities. The small minority of supporters that are racist tend to support the ethnics in their own team with the same love shown to the people in their team that are the same races as them. This shows that sport can bring people together at the highest level which means that it can be filtered down to lower levels like people working in leisure centres or small clubs. With regards to age sport and sports facilities should cater for all ages. Just because someone becomes older does not mean that they lose there ability or desire to play sport. Old people should be valued equally when they go to a leisure centre its not that they want to do a swimming lap in twenty seconds they just want to enjoy themselves and be involved. Older people might look old but some dont feel old and contribute their knowledge and experience to those that are younger. The benefits of understanding the older people in the community are that it open doors and gives opportunities for special events such as swimming for the elderly or special classes. Old people dont want to feel inferior or isolated and if sporting organisations can help and understand them by arranging and encouraging activities for them to take part in it can only improve the organisations overall/community image.

Links Between Strategic Management and Leadership

Links Between Strategic Management and Leadership 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Strategic Management Strategic management is Systematic analysis of the factors associated with customers and competitors (the external environment) and the organization itself (the internal environment) to provide the basis for rethinking the current management practices. Its objectives are to achieve better alignment of corporate policies and strategic priorities. (www.businessdictionary.com,n.d). Strategic management is all about analysing of the position of the business now and where it wants to be in long term and what are the means and plans to get there. It is all about defining the business, objectives, goals of the organization. 1.1.2 STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP Strategic leadership is refers to a managers potential to express a strategic vision for the organization, or a part of the organization, and to motivate and persuade others to acquire that vision. (www.managementstudyguide.com,n.d). Its a leaders point of view, for making a strategy so that all the aims and objectives of the organization can be meet and it helps in achieving success for the organization. 1.1.3 Link between Strategic Management and Leadership Leadership and management are both skills that an organization should possess, courtesy of a chosen leader, with the support of its personnel. A good leadership can be attained through a practice while an effective management is learned through course. A leader is the spearhead of the group going to a direction. And once they have found the direction, manager will take over to have consistency and make the group proposer after being established. Managers decisions are based on the book or ethics that every member constructed but leaders decide based on their institutions. 1.2 MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP IN WIPRO WIPRO stands for Western India Pine Refined Oil. It was started as a vegetable oil trading company in 1945 from an old mill at Amalner, Maharashtra, India. This was founded by Azim Premjis father, M.H Preji. Azim, a graduate person in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University, when he finished his studies and then came back to India, unfortunately his father died and after that he took on the leadership of the company at the age 21. He restructured it and transformed WIPRO into a consumer goods company that produced hydrogenated cooking oils/fat company, laundry soap, wax and tin containers and later set up Wipro Fluid Power to manufacture hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders in 1975. In 1977, when IBM (International Business Machines) was asked to leave India, Wipro entered the information technology sector. In 1979, Wipro started to develop its own computers, and in 1981 they started to sell their finished products. This was the first in a string of products that have made Wipro one of Indias first computer makers. Wipro Technologies hired managers who held their employees to strict performance standards. In 1980 Wipro moved into software development and started developing customized software packages for their hardware customers. This expanded their IT business and subsequently developed the first Indian 8086 chip. Since 1992 Wipro has begun to grow its root offshore in United States and by 2000 Wipro Ltd ADRs (An American Depository Receipt) were listed on the New York Stock Exchange site. The companys revenue grew by 450% from 2002 to 2007. Then Wipro started a highly appreciated initiative called WASE Wipro Academy of Software Excellence in 1996. Under this program, some of the brightest science graduates are selected and enrolled in an MS (Software Engineering) program in collaboration with BITS, Pilani. MAJOR DIVISIONS IT Services: Wipro provides complete range of IT services to the organization. The range of services extends from Enterprise Application Services to e-Business solutions. Wipros enterprise solutions serve a host of industries such as Energy and Utilities, Finance, Telecom, and Media and Entertainment. Product Engineering Solutions: Wipro is the largest independent provider of RD services in the world. Using Extended Engineering model for leveraging RD investment and accessing new knowledge and experience across the globe, people and technical infrastructure, Wipro enables firms to introduce new products rapidly. Technology Infrastructure called as TIS. In the Indian Market, WIPRO is a leader in providing IT solutions and services for the cooperate segment in India, offering system integration, network integration, software solutions and IT services. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azim_Premji) 1.2.1 Leadership in Wipro From the last few years wipro has exhibit the leadership qualities to the employees as well as to the company. Some of the practical examples are as below: wipro is service oriented and at the same time employee centric. i.e., wipro believes in giving excellent service to its clients and at the same takes a very good care of their employees. 1.3 Conclusion: Nowadays with the advent of globalisation, competition is increasing and the companies are struggling to get better market position. All the companies are implementing strategies so as to maintain the market position. WIPRO has been so much successful because they are applying management strategies in their day to day life and the company employees are following the strategies in a great way. The employees there really cooperate and that is another reason behind the success of the company. Management of strategy is very much important unless the company fails during the implementation and the managers should be efficient. Development of strategy and implementation is not an easy task. Rather its very much complicated. WIPRO became successful because of the efforts of its managers and employees in the execution of strategy. Company acquired good results on the application of the strategy and other companies are following the strategy applied by the successful companies. This report ca n help other companies as they get to know the reason behind the success of WIPRO. As competition is increasing day by day the companies should work really hard in attaining their goals and they should work really hard. Management and leadership in WIPRO is excellent and the leaders are cooperating with the employees in making decisions. The employees are given an opportunity to take decisions by the managers and this gives the employees a good feeling about the company. Thus it can be concluded that the only reason behind the success of the company is its leadership skills and the proper implementation of the strategy. 1.4 Bibligropahy: The Strategic Development of High Potential Leaders, Strategy and Leadership, in press, S. Stumpf, R. Fulmer and J. Bleak. Leadership and beyond: The need forÂÂ  strategic managementÂÂ  skills. Advances in Strategic Management, 1988, Vol. 5., S. Stumpf. Strategic Management definition Readmore:ÂÂ  http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/strategic-management.html#ixzz16CKYbPyy Strategic leadership definition http://www.managementstudyguide.com/strategic-leadership.htm Wipro (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azim_Premji) date 20th November 2010 Sooper Articles Find Articles http://www.sooperarticles.com/Â  http://www.parkli.com/Consulting/AppliedStrategicLeadership.asp

Humanistic Care Model for Higher Education Development

Humanistic Care Model for Higher Education Development Analysis and Contemporary Humanistic Care Model for Higher Education Development under the Perspective of interaction Keywords: Humane care, interaction, education, educational patterns, trends, analysis. Abstract. Global economic integration to promote the development of higher engineering education to the international, diversified, collaborative and other direction. Based on the analysis of the development trend of higher engineering education on the basis of international education around environmental factors explained the local culture rooted in international engineering talent our international certification engineers from academic education! international curriculum system and teaching staff, teachers and multi-modal international exchanges, multi-cultural awareness and integration describes internationalization and to achieve the role of engineers in talent Training. Introduction Teachers and students constitute the main teaching activities, teaching and learning is to link both ends, either end not become neglected education, teacher-student relationship should reflect educational. Teacher-student relationship throughout the entire process of education, improve the quality of teaching, play educational performance have a pivotal role. To some extent, the relationship between teachers teaching in itself is a living resource, with a strong educational force, how to develop a direct impact on teacher-student relationship can proceed smoothly and education can promote the comprehensive development of man. However, in reality, the impact of external adverse factors within the College of Teacher Student Relationship by the emergence of the phenomenon of alienation between teachers and students, people in relation to the relationship between alienation and things, the only thing is the champion teachers and students exchanges instrumental rationality dominated the human spirit, meaning, value sidelined, teacher-student relationship presents instrumental, utilitarian tendency, teachers and widened the psychological distance, lack of communication, teachers and apathy, when there is a conflict opposition . To grasp the relationship between teachers and students in colleges and universities, colleges and universities for teacher-student relationship to the spiritual world, meaning the world, the value of the world ignored, trying to humane care From the viewpoint and find out a persons value certainly pay attention to peoples emotions respect for human subjectivity, full of educational relationship between teachers and many people need care, so that the true return to humane care, tends to eliminate the reality of the relationship between teachers and students of University of alienation teacher-student relationship, showing the relationship between students and teachers to care for the exchange of ideas kernel, emotional blend of features to e nhance the relationship between teachers and students to guide teachers and students the value of life developing trend. Thus, in the New rediscover Teacher Student Relationship in the Perspective of Humane Care and teacher-student relationship in depth, teacher-student relationship will Colleges revitalized, to show the power of education, colleges and universities to achieve the purpose of educating people also has a realistic and it has affirmed the significance of people who pay attention to the times the value of human development. . Generally believed that the basic functions of university personnel training, scientific research, social services, culture and heritage. Among them, the personnel training is the fundamental task of universities, educational functions of universities is the ultimate purport presence, it is beyond doubt. General Secretary Hu Jintao to comprehensively improve the quality of higher education as the theme of the centennial celebration of Tsinghua University speech: comprehensively improve the quality of higher education, we must vigorously promote personnel training level, the fundamental task of higher education personnel training. Talent Quality in relation to the countrys economic development, is the lifeline of survival and development of colleges and universities. Therefore, to improve the quality of personnel training is the central task of our colleges and universities to work, we must attach great importance. Student Relationship With the emergence of education and production, i ts connotation with the times and continue to advance with the times, is an old and timeless topic. Figure.1 Interactive communication The Proposed Methodology    Humane Care Theory.  Enrich and improve the theoretical relationship between teachers and students. Universities College student relationship as the most basic and core relationships, physical and mental development as well as for the construction of university teachers and students have a vital role. Previous studies in the relationship between teachers and students of primary and secondary research more abundant, and for the study of the relationship between college teachers, the domestic number is not a lot of research, several foreign research is also small. The teacher-student relationship factors determine its complexity should also be more perspective look at, just some research in breadth and depth are lacking, there is no systematic theoretical system. In this paper, starting from the Perspective of Humane Care explore the relationship of university teachers and students, allows researchers to further broaden the perspective of teacher-student relationship, teacher-student relationship at the same time broaden the research vision of the nature of the relationship between teachers and students, content and meaning extension is also extremely useful, by the Humanities theoretical framework caring starting to explore the nature of the problem and the reason for the existence of the relationship of university teachers and students, and reasonable measures on this basis, it is recommended, to provide some theoretical reference for the study of the relationship between college teachers and students to further enrich and improve the teacher-student relationship theoretical study. Practical significance.  Teacher-student relationship throughout the entire process of University education, direct impact on the quality and effectiveness of teaching personnel training colleges and universities. To some extent, the interaction between teachers and the teaching process itself. Full of educational teacher-student relationship is the effective protection of the quality of teaching, the successful cultivation of outstanding talent premise. Under Humane Care Perspective of research on the relationship between teachers and students of colleges and universities will help to improve the relationship between teacher and student, resolve conflicts, conflict, and then build a harmonious College Educational Environment; conducive to teaching and learning, teachers and students to promote harmony together. Humanistic care teacher-student relationship can fully stimulate the teachers and students of University of initiative and creativity, in lively classroom atmosphere effect ively improve classroom teaching; in favor of the education system, university management reform. Current research on the relationship between college teachers can provide reference and basis for the development and university management rules and regulations to improve the education policy approaches. Document analysis.  After a review of a large number of domestic and foreign literature, drawing on previous studies, based on humanistic concern in the Perspective of a comprehensive analysis of this topic College student relationship, which conducted this study to provide a new perspective for the frame structure designed to provide the basis. Historical law.  Historical law by generation, development and demise of the process of thinking about, and explore the essence of things and laws approach. Since the humane care and the evolution of teacher-student relationship is a historical process. In this paper, the relationship between teachers and humane care and comb and a historic mining, summarized the connotation of relationship between college teachers under the Perspective of humane care, teacher-student relationship to the reality of University Development and evolution has also been more objective, historical stage of understanding, in order to find the teacher-student relationship through the history of the development trajectory of clues. Thus, the history of law is the main research method of this thesis, to carry out this study and obtain the correct conclusions available to developing historical basis. Based on the above analysis of the interpretation of the relationship between teachers and students and combining the second chapter in the interpretation of the connotation of humanistic care, I believe that the relationship between teachers and students and teachers in the teaching process in order to form the core of the teaching include working relationship, in the psychological relationship reflect the social interpersonal relationships within the system. Limited special relationships in education and teaching activities, teacher-student relationship is a kind of humanistic care and educational. This type of teacher-student relationship is based on humane care humanistic concern for the rational core, teachers and students emotional communication as a link, a caring teacher-student relationship as a complete person, under the overall premise of communication exchanges, is the spirit of life between teachers and students meet and collide in education, the mind is a real sense of human communication is based on the harmonious development of body and mind as the highest teacher-student interaction purport beneficial relationship. In this paper, the university teachers and students Humane Care Perspective reflects the relationship is such a type of relationship between teachers humane care, university teachers and students in the school is the educational process, teachers and students of subjectivity inherent need for the development of life, teachers and students of emotional experience for the kernel to the emotional needs of both teachers and students as a link to equal access, exchange, dialogue, teachers as role models and caring side to respond, acceptance, certainly one of the students formed the benefit of both interactive communication link . Humane Care Student Relationship attention to peoples real, emphasizing both teachers and students as their subjective life, the presence of the spirit of life, the value of life encounter between compatible Aio i, designed to contribute to both teachers and students of life and life resonance, promote feelings of humanity both generation and experience, is the true meaning of life of teachers and students to enhance the value and presentation. People-oriented, is in the process of education and teaching all the work, point to the purpose of the task should be people-centered, respect for human life, dignity, rights, emphasis on human values and meaning, to enhance the quality of human life. Fundamental Characteristics of College of Humanities Caring teacher-student relationship is the people-oriented, to respect, care for both the teachers and the dignity of life and well-being, enhance the value of life of both students and teachers. Humanistic Caring teacher-student relationship people-oriented, caring for life characteristic point is to ask teachers and students to achieve mutual respect life, reverence for life. Existence of human life, that is, the existence of a body of life, when people in their own people as well as people outside the objective world of interactive activities, people are actively and positively, dynamic contact, communication, thinking, understanding, with the changes in the objective world and continue to transform themselves and their world other than their own. In the university teacher-student relationship, the teacher role models to establish care to respect, reverence student life, respect the subjectivity of students personality and dignity, nature and characteristics of the creation of life returned to the free development of students, independent students and dynamically develop their potential life choice and initiative. As one of the main concern of teachers in the teaching proc ess of education only really achieve student-centered care for the existence and development of the life of the student body, and effectively for the sake of development of students, to get respect from the experience to care for one student teacher and awe. Of course, caring relationship, cared for one of the students have to respect the lives of teachers, teachers labor awe, respect, consideration and accept the teachers reasonable suggestions and comments, to be appropriate responses to the teachers care, certainly. Only teachers and students both the value and meaning of life to give each other mutual respect and caring in order to achieve smooth teachers and students emotional communication and exchange. Traditional physical education teacher training is mainly used in the classic is tinted demonstration, teacher talk, students practice teaching model. Educational psychology research indicate that motivation is the most realistic, the most active factor is interest in understanding, people with interest in the state have learned all too often mastered quickly and firmly. The traditional sports teaching mode is The dignity, the traditional teachers and students conducting active passive absorption based, individualized and ignores the principle of individualized instruction, students only in fixed mode of thinking of PE teachers continue to learn knowledge and training methods, student learning initiative and thinking space and exercise has been very limited. The modern information technology in teaching, theoretical knowledge of the various sports, sports technology, technical difficulties, focusing on common errors made into action sports teaching software, students watch, explain, learn, and discuss with the students, ask questions, analyze and solve problems, participate in practice, students learn to exercise autonomy and motivation in the process, improve students ability to analyze and solve problems. Information technology in physical education and training so that the sports teaching content and teaching and training methods continue to improve, that is, the use of student-centered teaching and training methods, which will help improve the overall quality of students. Physical Education and Training is the earliest construction of sports science, is the most mature one discipline. Physical Education and Training in the future development, according to the strategic needs of the times and development of Sports, in the direction of sustainable development to improve discipline task and content, and constantly improve their own disciplinary system, internal discipline and external synthesis. But also to discipline their independence were kept, the special nature of sport throughout the discipline being. The discipline of Physical Education and Training through its own internal and external transformation will be more responsive to the development of the times, to provide strong support for Chinas sports undertakings. Conclusion Teacher-student relationship as a University College of the most basic relationships, its rich content, including knowledge of the relationship between teachers and students offering and accepting personality equal relationship, the relationship between emotional communication, ethics and promote each other. But by its very nature, is still teacher-student relationship is a relationship between people, is a kind of care for the kernel of the collision of ideas, blending emotion, morality into each other, the pursuit of happiness in life and dignity, to enhance teachers and students both the value of life symbiosis, in total, shared interaction. We have reason to believe that the relationship between teachers and students in the human care of moist, teacher-student relationship will certainly show great educational force, and ultimately help to achieve higher education adult education to become useful purpose.

Christian Beliefs and Abortion Essay -- Papers

Christian Beliefs and Abortion this essay has problems with format Abortion What is meant by abortion? Abortion is defined in the dictionary as, "The expulsion of a foetus (naturally or by medical induction) from the womb before it is able to survive independently (around 28 weeks)." This simply means the foetus is removed by either a natural or medical procedure before the time of the natural birth would have occurred, before the foetus could support it’s own life. Their are in fact three types of abortion. They are: Voluntary - when the mother decides to have an abortion out of choice, Therapeutic - carried out when the mother’s health is in danger and Spontaneous - when the foetus dies during the pregnancy (the same as a miscarriage). The Abortion Act is what is used to determine whether an abortion is justified, it was passed in 1967 and then amended in 1990. Currently it states that: 1967 Abortion Act An abortion may be performed legally if two or more doctors certify that: 1. The mental and physical health of the woman, or her ex isting children, will suffer if the pregnancy continues. Or†¦. 2. The child, if born, would be seriously physically or mentally handicapped. 1990 amendment As the 1967 Act, except that the time limit for when an abortion can be carried out was reduced to 24 weeks. This Act means a pregnant woman has the right to an abortion if: 1. Upon keeping the pregnancy, and therefore having the child, the mother and/or any children she already has would be harming their physical or mental well being. 2. The foetus has been shown to have either a physical or mental disability and therefore would be born handicapped. If two doctors both agree that the woman suffers from either of the points, then abortion is a ... ... relieve this pain. I do not think that people will ever see eye to eye on this controversial issue, there will always be those who believe in choice and those who believe in life, the only way people can decide, is to listen to each side of the argument and make up their own minds. Bibliography  · Bible  · Contemporary Moral Issues New Edition - Jenkins  · Introducing Moral Issues  · Religion & Ethics  · Various Websites: www.bbc.co.uk / www.abortionfacts.com / www.re-xs.uscm.ac.uk  · Pro Life campaign material  · Church of England Reports  · Christianity in Today’s World - Lynch  · Christianity and Social Issues - Keane  · Ethics and Religion - Jenkins  · One World, Many Issues - Williams  · Daily Express 11/10/99  · BBC ‘Matters of Belief - Abortion’, ‘ Abortion - Whose Choice?’, ‘Education and Choice’ and ‘Doctor’s Dilemma’ TV programmes.

Hannibal :: essays research papers

Hannibal: Smokin' Is Voluntary/Two Parties My ASS!/Other Random Stuff **Disclaimer: The hate on this page is omni-directional, and you will most likely be offended. I usually update and add to the content when I'm pissed, so don't get your fucking panties in a bunch if you hear something that you disagree with or is insulting. And if you do, you fuckin' suck cocks and should never use the internet, which is filled with free speech and opposing opinions. Fuck off asshole.** Goddamn, if I hear or see another add, public service anouncement, or other jerk off on TV telling me how legal, private, cigarette companies are responsible for people starting and continuing to smoke, I'm going to load my rifle, sit in front of a mirror, and see what it would look like to paint a room with my brains!!! Smoking is fucking voluntary! If you think it's wrong, if you think it shortens your lifespan, or has any other effect other than the ones that we already know fuck you up, don't do it!!!! Son of a bitch, don't scapegoat a seller/producer of a legal and overly regulated product if you can't get it through your skull that inhaling any kind of smoke will destroy lung tissue! Take some fucking responsibility and/or accountability you bleeding heart burnouts!!! Message To Gore...To Bush: Fuck off! You both suck, you dishonor the memory of the revolutionaries who took up the gun to assure that the soil we stand on would be free. C'mon Gore!!! Not fundraising? Geez, you have to be a lobotomized mental patient/a hardcore Democrat to actually believe that! Maybe if you took long hard look at what the teacher's unions are doing to the youth of America by controling you (i.e., making it so that public schools maintain a virtual monopoly on education and therefore removing any need to compete and improve in-class conditions) or how you betrayed everyone who voted you into the senate (since you sold out to Clinton when you were an upstanding Tennessee man who voted to get the government off our asses when it came to gun control), you'd do the world a favor by killing yourself. O Bushy Boy... Ah, you disgrace the history of the Republican party...You trivialize everything that the Republican party used to stand for (less government, control of your own money, instilling moral/ethical values)...You're the lesser of two evils and most American will choose you...but the CIA chose the lesser of two evils years ago in the Middle East, decided to fund him, train him,

JoAnn Marshall - The Roles of Southern Women, Black and White, in Society :: Essays Papers

JoAnn Marshall - The Roles of Southern Women, Black and White, in Society Lillian Smith provides a description of the typical black woman and the typical white woman "of the pre-1960's American South" (Gladney 1) in her autobiographical critique of southern culture, Killers of the Dream. The typical black woman in the South is a cook, housekeeper, nursemaid, or all three wrapped up in one for at least one white family. Therefore, she is the double matriarch of the South, raising her own family and the families of her white employers: "It was not a rare sight in my generation to see a black woman with a dark baby at one breast and a white one at the other, rocking them both in her wide lap" (Smith 130). The southern black woman's duties extend far beyond rearing children, as she also serves as a family counselor, confidant, and nurse for the entire white family (Smith 129) and her own if time permits. She can do all this and more because she is strong, wise, and insightful in all areas of life (Smith 119). In short, the southern black woman is the cornersto ne of the southern, domestic life. The white woman in the South has an equally important role. The southern white woman is responsible for maintaining southern social order, better known as Southern Tradition. She establishes "the 'do' and the 'don't' of behavior" (Smith 132) in her children and believes, "If you could just keep from them all the things that must never be mentioned, all would be well!" (Smith 142). At the same time, the southern white woman sits atop the pedestal of Sacred Womanhood that her husband and his ancestors built for her (Smith 141). She meekly sits there, a symbol of southern society used to benefit men's ideals, feeling empty and powerless against everything going on around her (Smith 141-2). The whispers in her children's ears and her presence on that pedestal fulfill the white woman's role as protectress of Southern Tradition, but does not fulfill the southern white woman. In fact, the roles of the southern black woman and the southern white woman are equally important and equally oppressive: "In a culture where marriage and motherhood were women's primary roles, neither black nor white women were free to be fully wives or mothers, and neither were able to sh ield their children from the physical and psychic destruction of the racist society in which they lived" (Gladney 6).

Discuss the use of the historical notes in the Handmaid’s Tale

The historical notes are part of the novel but not part of Offred's narrative. They are there to provide an explanation of what happened to Offred and put her story into historical perspective. The historical notes are set 200 years after the Gilead regime. They are a parody of an academic discussion about Offred's tale. The main speaker whilst being a woman is also a Native American. This can be seen in her name Professor Marian Crescent Moon. As the conference graduates it becomes evident that most of the scholars are Native American e. g. Professor Pieixoto. This is unusual as traditionally whites on Natives usually study anthropology. However Atwood chooses to turn this around to make the reader puzzled and makes a racial statement. The conference is held at the university of Denay in Nunavit. Denay is in northwest Canada which suggests that they control the Northwest of Canada as they appear to have a high social status. This reflects the time in which Atwood was writing as in the 1980 there was a fiery debate concerning this issue, in this and in her version the minority won and dominated. Atwood firstly uses the historical notes to make fun of academic conferences. This is obvious as the scholarly jargon is self-conscious and the humour extremely unfunny and complex. Therefore whilst amusing to the academics it is an instant off-putting for the reader which in turn outs him/her of the academics. Essentially all the reader wants to know is what happened to Offred and not if they are going on a fishing trip or not. These nature walks and fishing expeditions are mentioned briefly but purposefully at the beginning of the notes ‘The fishing expedition will go forward. The conditions in which these people live are clearly naturally better and healthier than in Gilead. Atwood makes a point this to show a contrast but also explain why they are so ignorant in understanding Offred's life, as they could never contemplate what it was like and hence could not sympathise with her suffering. The historical notes are a device used by Atwood to show the reader that everything she has written had actually happened before in one form or the other. The reference to Iran is probably most significant ‘Iran and Gilead: Two-late-twentieth-century Monotheocraties. They were so similar as in Iran the nations conservative Islamic revolution happened. It involved major de-modernizing and drastic restrictions of freedom of women. From this it is clear that Atwood got most of her inspiration from when creating the Handmaids. The Islamic ‘authorities' insisted that they were just protecting women and giving them a better quality of life. This is reflective of the commander in Offred's narrative when he says ‘We've given them more than we've taken away'. The professor says the ‘Romania had anticipated Gilead, in the 1980's banning all forms of birth control. This of course is what happened but it had divesting effects ion the spreading of aids and orphaned babies. Pieixoto also adds ‘ the collective rope ceremony' was an ‘English village custom in the 17th century' and is similar to Gilead's ‘Salvaging'. Moreover, the red colour of the handmaids was ‘borrowed from the uniforms of German prisoners of war I Canada' in the second word war. Finally Margaret Atwood uses the professor to state her point by making him say ‘that there was little that was truly original or truly indigenous to Gilead; its genius was synthesised. Consequently saying that there is nothing in the novel that hasn't already happened in the world we live in today. The professor at the same time as not picking up on Offred's personal account does realise the clever workings of the regime. For example the aunts had names derived from common commercial product'†¦ ‘ to familiarise and reassure' the handmaids. As mentioned Pieixoto is not interested in Offred's personal story but rather how it can tell him more about the Giliadian regime turning Offred's story into his own history. He is completely oblivious to Offred's feminist themes. He says that ‘our job is to censure and understand'. Clearly he doesn't and completely sidesteps the critical moral issues raised by her account. He seems more interested in establishing the identity of her commander than herself ‘the elusive commander', ‘the gentlemen in question'. Additionally he spends about two pages talking about him. The authenticity of the tapes seems to override the importance of their content. The covers of the tape are also significant as they reflect Offred's subject matter. ‘ Elvis Presley The Golden Years', he was one of the first male singers in the 60's to be associated with dirty sexual attraction i. e. the thrusting of the hips. Also there were tapes entitled ‘Boy George Takes Off', he was an homosexual musical icon and ‘Twisted Sister' they represented ‘loose' independent women. Most of all of these names and the suggestions behind the names Gilead would have severally disapproved of. This is just another way of Offred's small but yet significant rebellion against the regime. Professor Piexioto is an intriguing invention. Amongst the unusual social order in the historical notes and women appearing to be respected once again, Atwood throws in this completely contradictory character. He seems to by a complete sexist chauvinist pig. This is similar to the commander with whom he even shares a line' my little chat' and ‘little excitement'. This suggests that both the professor and the commander think of themselves very highly. It is obvious that Professor Piexioto does not think its a little chat but rather an important speech/lecture. Atwood intentionally merges these two characters together to show that male attitudes and opinions, even though 200 years have passed, have not altered. The professor proves this in his speech when he talks about ‘tails' and ‘frailrioads' rather than female roads as called by Offred. He also whilst making a dig at the North American peoples intelligence also insults both women's and Offred's intellect by saying ‘she was an educated woman, insofar as a graduate of any North American college of the time may have said to be educated'. Consequently, the historians discredit her story; she already told us that the commander was ‘in marker research'. Nevertheless he goes along a separate line of investigation and coming to the same conclusion. Furthermore he seems annoyed with her for not providing him with more information about the Giliadian regime. This can be seen when he exclaims ‘many gaps remain, some of which could have been filled in by our anonymous narrator, had she been in a different turn of mind'. Then he adds ‘ It has a whiff of emotion' this absolutely should outrage the reader as her whole story is based upon intense emotion and suffering, which he has no regard for. Ironically, the professor does exactly what Offred anticipated ‘from the point of view of history. We'll be invisible. ‘ So although Offred does get her story out she is treated the same as she was in the regime. Atwood does this to create a different kind of distopian in the readers mind and as in the narrative unsettle and make the reader outraged through confusion. The historical notes are supposedly here to answer unanswered questions but all it is extremely long explanations of a research with no concrete answers, which frustrate as new and yet again, unanswered questions start to format. This is a device used by Margaret Atwood to further stimulate the reader into discussion not only abut what happened to Offred but also question the society we live in today.

Into the wild

Into the wild Imagine this, giving away absolutely all the money that you have in savings away to charity leaving everything behind†¦ Absolutely everything, and then Just going away Into the wilderness to live off the land. That, to many people, may sound completely Insane, but to Chris Mishandles It was completely reasonable. Chris Mishandles, a twenty-four year old left to Alaska to live In the wilderness for a couple of months, but what he didn't know was that he wasn't going to be able to make it out alive.John Krause the author of the book into the wild follows all of Chris Uncleanness's steps and his journey from the moment that he left home to his death. Christopher Mishandles had just graduated from Emory university when he decided to leave everything behind. He left his home, family, everything he owned, and only taking what he would be able to carry on his back. Chris had $24,000 in his savings and his father had planned for him to go to law school with that money, but instead Chris gave it all away to charity.Chrism's plans were to go to on a Journey to Alaska and eve In the wild for a couple of months, however Chris TLD tell any of his family members about his plans, and didn't keep In touch with any of them during any part of his Journey. This left Chrism's parents extremely worried about what had happened to their son. Chris left absolutely everything he had and went out in look for nature and peace. He wanted to get away from society, all the rules, and everyone that he felt had control over him.During his trip to Alaska Chris meets many different kinds of people that have and impact on his life as well as they do on him. Throughout this story Chris proves how he doesn't like authority, in fact, he hates it. Chris dislikes anyone who he feels has authority over him. One of the themes is freedom. Chris basically does everything he does to find the ultimate freedom. He wants to escape from all the rules. While talking to Jim, the guy that drov e Chris to Alaska, Chris exclaims, â€Å"How I feed myself is none of the government's business.Buck their stupid rules. † proving how much Chris hated authority and how he disliked the government, he felt as the government had authority over him. Another proof that Chris was looking to free himself from authority Is how Chris leaves his home because he felt as his father had authority over him. This leads to the conclusion that one of the themes for the book is ultimate freedom. Krause had never meet Chris in person he had never actually socialized with Chris, but realized that much of what motivated Chris is what motivated him as well.The speaker and the subject both had a connection with nature. Krause had been introduced to a mountain by his father and that's when e began to be interested in nature. Mishandles and Krause had both climbed the Devils Thumb, but their goals were different. Squeaker's goal was to complete the journey of being able to write the biography of Mi shandles. Krause had planned ahead to remain alive. The reason why Chris had gone to Devils Thumb was to feel free and get away from everything. Chris had not packed or planned ahead he In a way Just went and let faith decide for him.Chris and Krause had the same views but their own ways of Interpreting them. Krause makes many assumptions throughout the book. Everything Chris does is an assumption that Krause made Alaska. The way Chris is and how he acts are assumptions we make because of the way that Krause describes Chris. The way Chris is described as the ways that he views life are assumptions made by Krause. No one will ever really know how and why Chris did what he did, but what Krause assumes assumes is pretty close. The reason for writing the novel is because people are easy to Judge.The story of Mishandles got to people as soon as he died. People Judged Mishandles because they didn't see things from his perspective. They began to think that Mishandles was selfish for leavin g his family and insane for going into the wilderness without being prepared. The story provided reasoning to what Mishandles had done, to prove to people that Mishandles wasn't completely insane. Krause wanted people to remember Chris as someone that had an impact on people because of what he did, and not as someone that was Just completely insane. Into the wild Into the wild 4 Chris Mishandles, a Sophisticated Young Man. Even though Chris wanted to get absolute freedom, his Journey turned out to be a just selfish one, not even getting totally separated from the civilization or society. It Is possible that he went out on a Journey to get everlasting freedom from strict rules and formats. Even If Chris was an intellectual student, getting all As, well enough to go to Harvard law school, one time, he got F on a Physics. The reason was that Chris id not follow the format that the teacher told to students, regardless of the answers.His father agrees with the teacher, which shows his father, as well as the teacher, was a very strict person, especially on rules. As he realized that his father had another wife, and thought of his father as a immoral man, this young man who was full of energy may wanted to get out the society and get free. As he got out of the society, he earns money by himself and travels by himself. The one contradiction that I fo und was that he needed the money. Nowadays, money Is necessary for trade, economy; It became the basic part of our lives.In this sense, money can represent the excelled world, which Chris was not able to get rid of. If he did not need the money, there Is no reason for him to work In a Macdonald or under Westerners. Chris even mentions In one of his letters that he realized the money was necessary part of his journey, which seems contradictory for pure freedom. Another contradiction could be found with his life in Alaska. The reason why he went there was because he as motivated by his books.One of them is â€Å"Call of the Wild†, by Jack London. The story of this book is about a dog from California, going back to Alaska undergoing lots of sufferings. It seems that the dog got absolute freedom, but the author himself never went to Alaska, not even into the wilds. Chris also thought that Alaska was a pure nature. He thought that this purity and isolation would enable him to find out who he truly is, by feeling the nature and working by himself. Well, reality was different. Chris lacked In food.If he had enough time for this kind of self-learning, his diary would not be full of foods, rather what he observed on that day or what he realized should be written. Furthermore, even If he tried to get out of the world full of structures, his journey and its consequence (his deathly shows that this was for his own good. A death of one's child is one of the most tragic occurrences for parents. Chris not coming back home, and death made his parents worry such that his mother ,Bible, would mistakenly think any hitchhiker passing by as her son. ChrisMishandles is truly a sophisticated young man, with desire for freedom, who had to rely on money, trying to find out who he truly was, being a selfish one at the end. Just selfish one, not even getting totally separated from the civilization or society. It is and formats. Even if Chris was an intellectual student, getting a ll As, well enough to I found was that he needed the money. Nowadays, money is necessary for trade, economy; it became the basic part of our lives. In this sense, money can represent the civilized world, which Chris was not able to get rid of.If he did not need the money, there is no reason for him to work in a Macdonald or under Westerners. Chris even mentions in one of his letters that he realized the money was necessary part of his Journey, which seems contradictory for pure freedom. Another contradiction different. Chris lacked in food. If he had enough time for this kind of self-learning, his realized should be written. Furthermore, even if he tried to get out of the world full of structures, his Journey and its consequence. Into the Wild The Unforgiven â€Å"In April 1992 a young man from a well-to-do family hitchhiked to Alaska and walked alone into the wilderness north of Mt. McKinley. His name was Christopher Johnson McCandless. He had given $25,000 in savings to charity, abandoned his car and most of his possessions, burned all the cash in his wallet, and invented a new life for himself. Four months later, his decomposed body was found by a moose hunter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Krakauer, 1) But, what lead him to do all of these and eventually die alone in the coldest place on earth, Alaska? For some, the society leads him to do these, and for some his parents lead him to die in this way.But in my opinion, it was all his fault. Chris’ inability to forgive; lead him to isolate himself from his friends, lead him to hate his parents and, most importantly, lead him to die. Chris was a boy who did not know to forgive anyone or anything, which caused him to lose friends in the college. Whatever happens between people, they should always forgive each other to continue their relationships or friendships. But the inability of Chris to forgive anyone caused him to isolate himself in the college and in the society. As a result of this isolation Chris chose to go into the wilderness alone.Even though it doesn’t mention clearly in the book that whether Chris had strong relationships with his friends or not, it is clear that he wasn’t the type of person who used to have so many friends. He was an introverted type of person. And his relationships with his friends seem to be shallow. This isolation was caused by his inability to forgive and his characteristic of being an introverted type of person. These two facts affected his life directly because whoever isolates himself from his friends and society may do dangerous things. And the dangerous thing that he has done appeared to be escaping into the wilderness.Even though he tried to isolate himself from the society, it wasn’t possible to d o it while living in the society, and that’s why he escaped into the wilderness. So, the most affective fact for him to isolate himself from the society and therefore escaping into the wild, was his inability to forgive. His inability to forgive didn’t cause him to just lose his friends and isolate from the society but also hate his parents and disgust their manners. â€Å"Their fraudulent marriage and our father’s denial of his other son was for Chris a murder of every day’s truth. † from this quote, it can be said that his father was married with nother woman when his mother was pregnant to him. And after learning that, Chris loses all the respect and all the love he had towards his parents. But if he could’ve just forgive them and accept them as they are, he wouldn’t die alone. It is perfectly normal for him to show some anger to his parents but after some time he should’ve forgive them. It is wrong to judge people for the t hings they’ve done in the past. Everyone needs a second chance and therefore everyone deserves to be forgiven. You can’t change the past by escaping into the wilderness, but you may change your relationship with people by forgiving them.And forgiving just doesn’t cause any harm to you, but escaping into the wilderness may. As he forgave neither his parents, nor the society he used to live in, he also didn’t accept them in the way they are. It is hard to change people’s minds after they grow up, but it is easier to change your mind when you are younger. The society that Chris used to live was composed of people who had different ideas with Chris. They were materialistic, but Chris was not; they liked rules but Chris hated rules; they think that joy emanates from human relationships, but Chris thinks that joy emanates from the nature.However, if the person wants to be happy, he can be happy in any condition. But to be able to do that and be happy eve rywhere, that person must accept the people with their characteristics and should not try to change them, that person should be optimistic and most importantly that person must forget and forgive the other people that live in the society. Ron Franz says: â€Å"From the bits and pieces I put together, you know, from what you told me about your family, your mother and your dad. And I know you've got your problems with the church too.But there's some kind of bigger thing we can all appreciate, and it sounds like you don't mind calling it God. But when you forgive, you love. And when you love, God's light shines on you. † And this quote shows that Ron also noticed Chris’ inability to forgive; because he recommends Chris to forgive anyone no matter what happened in between and he also mentions that he will find the way to get in contact with God if he learns to forgive. Ron Franz notices his inability to forgive and feels like he has to give him this speech where he put emp hasis on â€Å"forgiving†.Because from his experiences he knows that forgiving is important and he also knows that Chris will be happy if he learns to forgive. To sum up, I think that Chris’ inability to forgive people lead him to die, where he could’ve just chosen to forgive everyone and be happy. But Chris chose the easy way which is to escape from the society rather than trying to be a part of that society by learning to forgive and to forget. If he had found a way to forgive his parents and the society for their mistakes would he have gone such extremes to find himself? Into the Wild Although Chris McCandless’s life ended abruptly, he successfully found meaning in himself and confirmed his belief in the value of living to the fullest when he listened to his inner self as he survived in the Alaskan wild. Into the Wild by Jon Krakaur tells the story of Chris’s bold decision to separate himself from society. He had a good life going for him, but yet McCandless felt as if he wasn’t really living. He said, â€Å"If you want to get more out of life, you must lose your inclination for monotonous security and adopt a helter-skelter style of life that will at first appear to you to be crazy†(89). In order for him to develop life’s true value, he felt as though needed to get away, despite what everyone else thought. He proved his long journey successful through his pleasure at the end, fulfilled by its life changing effect on him. He had completed his emotional journey of finding himself and arranged to return to society, before the surprise of his unexpected downfall. He proclaims, â€Å"I am reborn. This is my dawn. Real life has just begun†(168). McCandless had learned contentment and gained the will to go back to his old environment with a new perspective. His independence and stronghold on life proves the importance of self-realization and knowing oneself, showing the reader that every person has his own aspirations and needs they need to fulfill. Later on, when Chris realizes he has no more hope of living, he writes yet an inspiring and gratifying tribute. He said, â€Å"I have had a happy life and thank the Lord. Goodbye and may God bless all! †(199). Chris was a real-life example of a person’s morals being pursued and put into action. He shows readers the importance of self-realization and identity, even if others aren’t accepting. One should set standards for himself, and not let others influence them. Chris McCandless lived past his mistakes and accomplished what he needed to do in order to become the best and happiest person he was capable of. Into the Wild Into the wild Into the wild Imagine this, giving away absolutely all the money that you have in savings away to charity leaving everything behind†¦ Absolutely everything, and then Just going away Into the wilderness to live off the land. That, to many people, may sound completely Insane, but to Chris Mishandles It was completely reasonable. Chris Mishandles, a twenty-four year old left to Alaska to live In the wilderness for a couple of months, but what he didn't know was that he wasn't going to be able to make it out alive.John Krause the author of the book into the wild follows all of Chris Uncleanness's steps and his journey from the moment that he left home to his death. Christopher Mishandles had just graduated from Emory university when he decided to leave everything behind. He left his home, family, everything he owned, and only taking what he would be able to carry on his back. Chris had $24,000 in his savings and his father had planned for him to go to law school with that money, but instead Chris gave it all away to charity.Chrism's plans were to go to on a Journey to Alaska and eve In the wild for a couple of months, however Chris TLD tell any of his family members about his plans, and didn't keep In touch with any of them during any part of his Journey. This left Chrism's parents extremely worried about what had happened to their son. Chris left absolutely everything he had and went out in look for nature and peace. He wanted to get away from society, all the rules, and everyone that he felt had control over him.During his trip to Alaska Chris meets many different kinds of people that have and impact on his life as well as they do on him. Throughout this story Chris proves how he doesn't like authority, in fact, he hates it. Chris dislikes anyone who he feels has authority over him. One of the themes is freedom. Chris basically does everything he does to find the ultimate freedom. He wants to escape from all the rules. While talking to Jim, the guy that drov e Chris to Alaska, Chris exclaims, â€Å"How I feed myself is none of the government's business.Buck their stupid rules. † proving how much Chris hated authority and how he disliked the government, he felt as the government had authority over him. Another proof that Chris was looking to free himself from authority Is how Chris leaves his home because he felt as his father had authority over him. This leads to the conclusion that one of the themes for the book is ultimate freedom. Krause had never meet Chris in person he had never actually socialized with Chris, but realized that much of what motivated Chris is what motivated him as well.The speaker and the subject both had a connection with nature. Krause had been introduced to a mountain by his father and that's when e began to be interested in nature. Mishandles and Krause had both climbed the Devils Thumb, but their goals were different. Squeaker's goal was to complete the journey of being able to write the biography of Mi shandles. Krause had planned ahead to remain alive. The reason why Chris had gone to Devils Thumb was to feel free and get away from everything. Chris had not packed or planned ahead he In a way Just went and let faith decide for him.Chris and Krause had the same views but their own ways of Interpreting them. Krause makes many assumptions throughout the book. Everything Chris does is an assumption that Krause made Alaska. The way Chris is and how he acts are assumptions we make because of the way that Krause describes Chris. The way Chris is described as the ways that he views life are assumptions made by Krause. No one will ever really know how and why Chris did what he did, but what Krause assumes assumes is pretty close. The reason for writing the novel is because people are easy to Judge.The story of Mishandles got to people as soon as he died. People Judged Mishandles because they didn't see things from his perspective. They began to think that Mishandles was selfish for leavin g his family and insane for going into the wilderness without being prepared. The story provided reasoning to what Mishandles had done, to prove to people that Mishandles wasn't completely insane. Krause wanted people to remember Chris as someone that had an impact on people because of what he did, and not as someone that was Just completely insane. Into the wild Into the wild Imagine this, giving away absolutely all the money that you have in savings away to charity leaving everything behind†¦ Absolutely everything, and then Just going away Into the wilderness to live off the land. That, to many people, may sound completely Insane, but to Chris Mishandles It was completely reasonable. Chris Mishandles, a twenty-four year old left to Alaska to live In the wilderness for a couple of months, but what he didn't know was that he wasn't going to be able to make it out alive.John Krause the author of the book into the wild follows all of Chris Uncleanness's steps and his journey from the moment that he left home to his death. Christopher Mishandles had just graduated from Emory university when he decided to leave everything behind. He left his home, family, everything he owned, and only taking what he would be able to carry on his back. Chris had $24,000 in his savings and his father had planned for him to go to law school with that money, but instead Chris gave it all away to charity.Chrism's plans were to go to on a Journey to Alaska and eve In the wild for a couple of months, however Chris TLD tell any of his family members about his plans, and didn't keep In touch with any of them during any part of his Journey. This left Chrism's parents extremely worried about what had happened to their son. Chris left absolutely everything he had and went out in look for nature and peace. He wanted to get away from society, all the rules, and everyone that he felt had control over him.During his trip to Alaska Chris meets many different kinds of people that have and impact on his life as well as they do on him. Throughout this story Chris proves how he doesn't like authority, in fact, he hates it. Chris dislikes anyone who he feels has authority over him. One of the themes is freedom. Chris basically does everything he does to find the ultimate freedom. He wants to escape from all the rules. While talking to Jim, the guy that drov e Chris to Alaska, Chris exclaims, â€Å"How I feed myself is none of the government's business.Buck their stupid rules. † proving how much Chris hated authority and how he disliked the government, he felt as the government had authority over him. Another proof that Chris was looking to free himself from authority Is how Chris leaves his home because he felt as his father had authority over him. This leads to the conclusion that one of the themes for the book is ultimate freedom. Krause had never meet Chris in person he had never actually socialized with Chris, but realized that much of what motivated Chris is what motivated him as well.The speaker and the subject both had a connection with nature. Krause had been introduced to a mountain by his father and that's when e began to be interested in nature. Mishandles and Krause had both climbed the Devils Thumb, but their goals were different. Squeaker's goal was to complete the journey of being able to write the biography of Mi shandles. Krause had planned ahead to remain alive. The reason why Chris had gone to Devils Thumb was to feel free and get away from everything. Chris had not packed or planned ahead he In a way Just went and let faith decide for him.Chris and Krause had the same views but their own ways of Interpreting them. Krause makes many assumptions throughout the book. Everything Chris does is an assumption that Krause made Alaska. The way Chris is and how he acts are assumptions we make because of the way that Krause describes Chris. The way Chris is described as the ways that he views life are assumptions made by Krause. No one will ever really know how and why Chris did what he did, but what Krause assumes assumes is pretty close. The reason for writing the novel is because people are easy to Judge.The story of Mishandles got to people as soon as he died. People Judged Mishandles because they didn't see things from his perspective. They began to think that Mishandles was selfish for leavin g his family and insane for going into the wilderness without being prepared. The story provided reasoning to what Mishandles had done, to prove to people that Mishandles wasn't completely insane. Krause wanted people to remember Chris as someone that had an impact on people because of what he did, and not as someone that was Just completely insane. Into the Wild