Monday, September 30, 2019

Alternative Teaching Strategies

From Infancy until the late stages of our lives, we undergo different stages of development. In each of the stages, we are supposed to be mastering some craft, or prioritizing a task that we have not given the time of day before. Several psychologists have come up with theories about these stages, each intertwined with the other. This paper will concentrate on Jean Piaget’s theory of Cognitive Development, specifically, to Concrete Operational Stage, in relation to the experience of tutoring Math to the children in St.Kitts. According Perret-Clermont and Bessire, (2004) from encyclopedia. com, â€Å"Piaget compared ideas and facts, the philosophy of science and the observation of children, working out the fundamental principles of genetic epistemology. † Concrete Operational Stage happens from the ages 7 to 11 years. According to Piaget, at this stage, reversibility, that is objects when changed has the ability to return to its original state, is attained. According to Marshall (1998) in encyclopedia.com, â€Å"In the stage of so-called concrete-operations (which lasts from about the ages of 7 to 11 or 12), children start to classify objects, can take the role of others and understand the nature of cause and effect, but still have difficulty thinking about abstract concepts without referring these to real events or particular images with which they are familiar. † Edwards, Hopgood, Rosenberg and Rush (2009) further wrote in their website, â€Å"During this stage, the thought process becomes more rational, mature and ‘adult like', or more ‘operational', although this process most often continues well into the teenage years.The process is divided by Piaget into two stages, the Concrete Operations, and the Formal Operations stage, which is normally undergone by adolescents. In the Concrete Operational stage, the child has the ability to develop logical thought about an object, if they are able to manipulate it. By comparison, howe ver, in the Formal Operations stage, the thoughts are able to be manipulated and the presence of the object is not necessary for the thought to take place. †Other characteristic for this stage was mentioned by Atherton (2009) in the Learning Teaching website: â€Å"Can think logically about objects and events; Achieves conservation of number (age 6), mass (age 7), and weight (age 9); Classifies objects according to several features and can order them in series along a single dimension such as size. † An Anonymous writer from Child Development institute (2008) said the following for this stage of development, â€Å"Evidence for organized, logical thought. There is the ability to perform multiple classification tasks, order objects in a logical sequence, and comprehend the principle of conservation.Thinking becomes less transductive and less egocentric. The child is capable of concrete problem-solving. Some reversibility now possible (quantities moved can be restored suc h as in arithmetic: 3+4 = 7 and 7-4 = 3, etc. ) Class logic-finding bases to sort unlike objects into logical groups where previously it was on superficial perceived attribute such as color. Categorical labels such as â€Å"number† or animal† now available. † It is from these that the project was initiated. For two months, the author of this paper has spent time with the school kids of St. Kitts.Everyday, tutorial lessons were held to aid children in accomplishing their tasks at school. A set of survey questions was also distributed to find out their views to help in setting up the project. The survey consisted of 10 questions specifically phrased and distributed to both the children and their parents. Of the ten questions answered by the children, the top four questions that were noticeable were questions number 2, 4, 5 and 9. Question number two asked them if their parents spend quality time with them and their schoolwork. Nearly 70% of the population said †Å"no.† Majority of the children answered 4-5 hours with question number four that asked about the amount of time they spend playing after school. When asked if they spend time studying at home, besides at school, for question number 5, only 43% said â€Å"yes. † It is however, noteworthy that 100% of the children answered â€Å"yes† in question number nine, â€Å"if I were to tutor you for the next two months, do you think you will be better? † As for the result on the survey to the parents, the top four questions that had numerical impact were questions number 1, 2, 3 and 5.For question number one, only 50% of the parents say that they are involved in their children’s homework. The involvement of the 50% though varies from subject to subject as they have limited knowledge to some areas. Close to 74% of the parents answered â€Å"yes† to question number two, â€Å"Do you ask to see their homework? † Comparing the results for both quest ions number one and two, the disparity between involvement (helping children out) and simply looking at the homework, is already evident. Looking at the homework does not necessarily mean seeing through the process of its completion.One of the more interesting results is the answer to question number three, as it deals with time frames parents set to their children in accomplishing their homework. Only 20% of the population does it. The last question that had impact is for the one that asked whether or not parents cut out distractions (like TV or computer) in the background? Only 12% were confident in saying â€Å"yes,† whereas a majority rated it as â€Å"not sure. † This result roots from the fact that they don’t entirely remove these distractions, because most of the parents still do their own chores and tasks while their children are doing their homework.The experience has brought the conclusion that lack of attention and attentiveness to and from the kids a re the biggest contributors for the knowledge deficit in the community. The objective of the project is to come up with an alternative that will help children concentrate on doing assignments to gain desire for learning anew, to help and equip parents with the styles of teaching, so that after this project, they can do it themselves. The project and teaching plan, however, are limited to tutoring Math, and not other subjects.Nursing Diagnosis: Knowledge deficit related to lack of application of age-appropriate (developmental stage) learning methodology. While the children answered in such manner to the survey questions, an apparent lack of appropriate application of the developmental ability and capability is a contributor to making the children interested in the subject area and making the parents involved in the assignments. Parents have little knowledge on how to approach teaching children, and they are not wary about the fact that children at different stages comprehend lessons in different manners or levels.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Advice and support

The role of domiciliary, respite and day services that may contribute to end of life care can be resumed such as the respite care service, by; they put their life on â€Å"pause† to provide the care that is required. It's a very important responsibility. The role of funeral directors that may contribute to end of life care is varied. A funeral director has many responsibilities that entail preparing the body for burial, making arrangements for viewing and services and coordinating all aspects of the service.This includes making sure that the individual wishes and key people wishes are carried out including religious customs. 6. 2 The role and value of an advocate in relation to end of life care is to support and enable individuals to express their views and concerns, to access information and services, to defend and promote their rights and responsibilities, and to explore choices and options 6. 3 While using an advocate, individuals at the end of life and their key people can focus more on recuperation or end of life care rather than handling the details surrounding care.Using the services offered by an advocate can reduce individual and key people stress, lessen the chance of treatment and billing errors and help foster a greater sense of cooperation between the individual, key people, medical professionals and health insurance providers. 6. 4 Support for spiritual needs, such as religious beliefs are especially important for an individual at the end of life because during a particular difficult event of life, such as end of life that is a major event of life, the faith of an individual will help to access, with prayers, to give courage and to accept the situation. 5 A range of sources of support to address spiritual needs can be found by having access to spiritual support from your local community faith leaders. For example, if you are a member of the Christian religion, you can access spiritual support by going in your own church and determine the sp iritual needs that cover your faith best.To resume, a range of sources of support to address spiritual needs means to have access to related spiritual support in accords of respect of your own beliefs, religion and culture. 7 7. 1 Line manager or Social worker: Support would best be offered by other members of he team such as, line manager or social worker, when an individual need to organise help with housework, shopping and cooking, or a personal care assistant to help with tasks such as washing and dressing.Religious representatives: Support would best be offered by other members of the team such as, religious representatives, when an individual's religious factors or cultural beliefs may impact on the decision making process of end of life care and so it is important to determine as far as possible whether they practised any particular faith as well as being able to ascertain cultural eliefs.Specialist nurse: Support would best be offered by other members of the team such as, sp ecialist nurse, because a specialist nurse, district nurse or GP can tell to an individual how to access these healthcare professionals and about the specific types of help and support available in the area of the individual. Occupational or other therapist: Support would best be offered by other members of the team such as, occupational or other therapist, because they can visit the individual at nome to assess whether specialist equipment that would help the ndividual to move around and to be able to do as much as possible the individual can do. . 2 Specialist palliative care nurses: Specialist palliative care nurses are experienced in assessing and treating your symptoms and also provide counselling and emotional support for you and your carers. Most specialist palliative care nurses work closely with a wider hospital or community palliative care team, which includes doctors and other healthcare professionals. Specialist palliative care nurses are sometimes referred to as Macmill an nurses. However many Macmillan professionals are nurses ho have specialist knowledge in a particular type of cancer.You may see them when you're at clinic or in hospital. Doctors: Doctors specialising in palliative medicine give expert medical advice on managing people with advanced disease. They work closely with palliative care nurses and may visit people at home if needed. Nurses: Some community palliative care teams have nurses who can visit you at home and provide practical care such as washing, dressing and giving drugs. A specialist palliative care nurse will usually arrange care from these nurses.Physiotherapists: Physiotherapists can help ill people to move around. They can also help with pain relief and if you have breathing problems. Counsellors: Counsellors are trained to help people in all types of situations. Seeing a counsellor can help people to understand and express their feelings, and cope better with their situation. Spiritual care coordinators or chaplains: S piritual care coordinators or chaplains offer spiritual care and support for an individual. 8. 1 To support individual's care through the process of dying in my own role, means I will use the correct techniques; that include; timings; hygiene; use of equipment; safe isposal; and recording information, to offer appropriate support to individuals and key people such as family, friends, carers and others with whom the individual has a supportive relationship when they have been told about the time-scales of the individual's death and the process of their dying.I will treat the individuals with values that adherence to codes of practice or conduct where applicable to my own role and the principles and values that underpin in my work setting, including the rights of children, young people and adults.That include the rights; to be treated as n individual; to be treated equally and not be discriminated against; to be respected; to have privacy; to be treated in a dignified way; to be prote cted from danger and harm; to be supported and cared for in a way that meets their needs, takes account of their choices and also protects them; to communicate using their preferred methods of communication and language; and to access information about themselves.Preferred method of communication and language can include the individual's preferred spoken language; the use of signs; symbols; pictures; writing; bjects of reference; communication passports; other non-verbal forms of communication; human and technological aids to communication. Also, I have to take into consideration, factors that may affect the health, well-being and development of individuals.Such factors may include adverse circumstances or trauma before or during birth; autistic spectrum conditions; dementia; family circumstances; frailty; harm or abuse; injury; learning disability; medical conditions (chronic or acute); men health; physical disability; physical ill health; poverty; protound or complex eeds; sensory needs; social deprivation; and substance misuse.Caring out my own role, to support an individual's care through the process of dying, request a perfect hygiene and use of the personal protective equipment; such as apron, gloves and mask. Infection control is very important, washing of hands before and after wearing of personal protective equipment according to my workplace policy. For example; after disposed of my apron, gloves and mask in the clinical waste bin, I will washes and dry my hands thoroughly with the full hand washing technique to not contaminate myself or others.Where possible, I will promote active support that encourages individuals to do as much for themselves as possible to maintain their independence and physical ability and encourages people with disabilities to maximise their own potential and independence. I will provide individuals with privacy and facilities to meet their immediate needs and give them time to adjust to the knowledge that they are dying. I wi ll communicate with the individuals using their preferred method of communication and language, in an appropriate manner, and at a level and pace with which they are comfortable.I will support individuals and key people to identify any information they want. I will work with others people within and outside my organisation that are necessary for me to fulfil my Job role, to enable the information requested by individuals and key people to be accessed, within confidentiality agreements and according to legal and organisational requirements, and I will complete records in ways that can be understood by all who are authorised to access them.In my own role, to support individual's care through the process of dying, means I will provide appropriate support and time to ndividuals who wish to express their feelings and communicate their concerns and to express their beliefs and preferences about their death, but in the same time, I will avoid pressurising them to talk about their death. Wh ere an individual finds it difficult or impossible to express their own preferences and make decisions about their life, achievement of this standard may require the involvement of advocates or others who are able to represent the views and best interests of the individual.Where there are language differences within the work setting, achievement of this tandard may require the involvement of interpreters or translation services. Some individuals that have their key people, may want to identify the people they wish to be informed about their death, so I will contact calmly and without delay, the identified people so that they can be with the individuals when they die. I will fulfil any wishes expressed by individuals that are within my own role, responsibility and competence.Appropriate action have to be take to inform others people within and outside my organisation of changes to individuals' condition and any expressed ishes and preferences, that means I have to record and report o n actions, procedures and outcomes within confidentiality agreements and according to legal and organisational requirements within my work place. Last, I have to manage appropriately any of my own feelings that have been aroused by the individual's death. 8. Addressing any distress experienced by the individual promptly and in agreed ways through the process of dying, do echo to understand the distress due to end of life care through the process of dying for an individual. End of life care encompasses alliative care, which tocuses on managing pain and other distressing symptoms, providing psychological, social, and spiritual support to individuals, and supporting their key people such as; family members; friends; individual's carers; and others with whom the individual has a supportive relationship.Palliative care can be provided at any stage in the progression of an individual's illness, not only in the last days of an individual's life when the focus of treatment has generally mov ed from trying to actively manage disease and prevent deterioration to managing the ndividual's symptoms and keeping the individuals comfortable. The most difficult and sensitive decisions through the process of dying are often those around starting, or stopping, potentially life prolonging treatments such as cardio pulmonary resuscitation, renal dialysis, clinically assisted for nutrition and hydration, and mechanical ventilation.These treatments have many potential benefits including extending the lives of the individuals who otherwise might die from their underlying condition. But in some circumstances they may only prolong the process of dying or ause to the individual unnecessary distress. The benefits, burdens and risks of these treatments are not always well understood and concerns can arise about over or under treatment, particularly where there is uncertainty about the clinical effect of a treatment on the individual, or about how the benefits and burdens for that individua l are being assessed.Doctors and nurses, with other members of the team, such as; line manager, religious representatives, specialist nurse, occupational or other therapist, social worker, GP, district nurses, nurses who specialise in a specific isease, specialist palliative care nurses, physiotherapists, counsellors, spiritual care coordinators or chaplains, and key people involved in the decision making process may also be unclear about what is legally and ethically permissible, especially in relation to decisions to stop a potentially life prolonging treatment. 8. To adapt support to reflect the individual's changing needs or responses, make think why the individual needs or responses are changing. Individual's changing needs or responses can be cause due to many factors. Be aware of possible signs of dementia in the individuals with whom you work. Dementia is a term used to describe various different brain disorders that have in common a serious loss of brain function that is us ually progressive and eventually severe, in an individual previously unimpaired, beyond what might be expected from normal ageing.That means, when individuals seen confused in their needs or responses, it's can be cause of dementia. In the majority of situations, change might be in relation to; changing environments (example ward to ward, hospital to home, home or hospital to residential care); changing physical and/or mental conditions and functioning; and sudden disability. Adapt support to reflect the individual's changing needs or responses are best meet with an Advance Care Planning.Advance Care Planning is a process of discussion between an individual and the people in their support network. It usually takes place when it is expected that an individual's condition is likely to deteriorate and following serious deterioration, the individual may not be able to make decisions or communicate their wishes. Make decisions or communicate the wishes of the individuals, pass through by many methods of communication, including; the objects of reference; communication passports; other non verbal forms of

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Parkinson Disease Essay

N.J. is a 70-year-old man with a 4-year history of Parkinson’s disease (PD). He is a retired engineer, is married, and lives with his wife in a small farming community. He has three adult children who live close by. Since his last visit to the clinic 6 months ago, N.J. reports that his tremors are â€Å"about the same† as they were; however, further questioning reveals that he feels his gait is perhaps a little more unsteady, and his fatigue is slightly more noticeable. N.J. is also concerned about increased drooling. Among the medications N.J. takes are carbidopa-levodopa 25/100 mg (Sinemet), one tablet an hour before breakfast and one tablet 2 hours after lunch; carbidopa-levodopa 50/200 mg (Sinemet CR), one tablet at bedtime; and amantadine (Symmetrel) 100 mg at breakfast and bedtime. On the previous visit, he was encouraged to try taking the carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet) more times throughout the day, but he reports that he became very somnolent with that dosing regi men. He also reports that his dyskinetic movements appear to be worse just after taking his carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet). 1.What is parkinsonism? (7points) Parkinsonism is a neurological syndrome characterized by tremor, hypokinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Parkinsonism is a symptom complex that differs from Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism is any condition that causes a combination of the movement abnormalities seen in Parkinson’s disease; such as tremor, slow movement, impaired speech or muscle stiffness. Especially seen in results from the loss of dopamine-containing nerve cells. 2.What is Parkinson’s Disease? Parkinson disease is a progressive degenerative disorder of the basal ganglia that results in an eventual loss of coordination and control of involuntary motor movement. 3.What clinical manifestations did N.J. mention he had? List at least 4. (10 points or 2.5 points per answer) N.J. mentioned his gate is becoming more unsteady, his fatigue is slightly more noticeable, his drooling has increased, and his tremors are the same as the last visit. 4.What are the clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s Disease? List at least 7 symptoms (10 points or 1.42 per answer) †¢Tremor †¢Rigidity †¢Bradykinesia †¢Loss of dexterity and power in affected limbs. †¢Aching †¢Drooling †¢Lack of facial expression †¢Rhythmic head nodding †¢Reduced blinking †¢Slumped posture †¢Gait disturbance 5.N.J.’s wife asks you, â€Å"How do the doctors know N.J. has Parkinson’s disease? They never did a lot of tests on him.† How is the diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease made? (5 points) Parkinson disease is diagnosed from the physical examination and health history results. In some cases a MRI may be done to narrow down other causes of the symptoms. 6.N.J.’s wife comments, â€Å"I don’t even know which one of his medicines he takes for his Parkinson’s.† What medications are used for Parkinson’s Disease? †¢Pramipexole ( Mirapex) †¢Ropinirole (Requip) †¢L-dopa (L-dihydroxyphenylalanine) †¢Carbidopa/Levadopa (Sinemet) †¢Carbidopa/levadopa/entaca[pme (Stalevo) †¢Amantadine (Symmetrel) †¢Trihexyphendiyl (Artane) †¢Benztropine (Cogentin) 7. N.J. asks, â€Å"If I don’t have enough dopamine, then why don’t they give me a dopamine pill?† Why can’t oral dopamine be given as replacement therapy? (5 points) Dopamine can’t be given directly because it can’t cross the blood-brain barrier, a lining that insulates the brain from the rest of the  body. 8. Levodopa is always given in combination with carbidopa. Why? When two drugs are used in combination, therapeutic levels may be achieved with lower doses.

Friday, September 27, 2019

College essay, telling why I am motivated to enroll North Carolina Essay

College , telling why I am motivated to enroll North Carolina University (Chapel Hill) - Essay Example I consider education as a means of personal development as well as professional enhancement. Learning, to me, is a planned process not only for gaining knowledge but also for improving myself as a person. Besides, I uphold the values of creativity, innovation, self respect and flexibility in my approach to the process of learning. Similarly, when it comes to instrumental values, I believe dependability and trust play a crucial role in determining the success of an individual. I place high value on the objectives I set for myself in terms of my career aspirations and personal growth. I believe that these are the value structures which people should adopt, in order to become a successful professional in the field of my choice. I consider personal development as the key for improving self-knowledge, identity and talent as well as to enhance the quality of life. Without a well directed approach to personal development, one cannot expect to achieve one’s goals. Therefore, I continually strive to attain personal development by deriving inspiration from the experiences in life. Accepting the things that are positive and appreciating the qualities a person has are critical for personal growth. I also believe that a person has to do the things that he or she loves in order to achieve success in life. Also, if one does not have the passion for doing things, he or she may not be able to achieve any objectives. I always believe in myself and invest my whole energy when I am engaged in a particular work. I have several motivations for seeking enrolment in North Carolina University (Chapel Hill). Primarily, it is a premier institute in this field of education and I firmly believe that such an environment and the facilities I will be able to avail there, including faculty and infrastructure, will enable me to pursue my studies in an organized manner. I also feel confident that receiving education from such a

Thursday, September 26, 2019

3800 complete 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

3800 complete 5 - Essay Example Apparently, the rented truck had loads of loads of diesel-fuel-fertilizer which McVeigh detonated remotely thus causing the explosion. In proving his guilt, the jury referred to a number of facts including his arrest, identification and proof of motive coupled with his subsequent admission. A state trooper, Charles J Hanger stopped a truck I-35 in Noble County. He arrested the driver and charged him for driving a vehicle that lacked registration plates and possession of firearms. McVeigh admitted both crimes thus leading to his incarceration. Meanwhile the FBI had begun an investigation and had identified the Ryder truck by analyzing the axle of the truck found at the site of bombing. Workers at the car rental agencies provided the police with a sketch of the individual who had rented the truck. The sketch helped identify McVeigh who was already in custody for committing the above crimes. Furthermore, an eyewitness testified to seeing McVeigh at the scene of crime. After his identification, Terry Nichols, McVeigh’s associate, surrendered to the police and volunteered to testify against his friend for a reduced sentence. Terry Nichols knew McVeigh’s intention to carry out the bombing but did not inform the authorities. The two were members of a radical group of survivalists and therefore ascribed to radical ideologies as they shared their hatred of the federal government. Another equally important feature in the case was proving McVeigh’s motives. McVeigh who had served the American military shared the belief that the federal government had vilified alongside numerous others. In the August of 1992, federal agents had killed a survivalist, Randy Weaver, his wife and a child in a shoot. Additionally, a fire in Waco, Texas resulted in the death of eighty other members of the group. Such occurrences enhanced the radicalization of McVeigh, his friend N ichols among

Tort law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Tort law - Essay Example Whether the Newns department store is liable under the provisions of Occupiers liability Act for the losses suffered by Joanna and Edith. Whether Edith and Cindy are eligible for damages in respect of the nervous shock suffered by them. As such, the issues to be addressed are; first, whether Newns department store is liable for the nervous shock suffered by Edith, due to the charging reindeer. Second, whether this store is liable for the nervous shock suffered by Roland. Third, whether this store is liable for the nervous shock caused to Cindy and Joanna. Edith The Newns department store introduced a real reindeer, in its Santa grotto. This reindeer was aggravated by Paul, which caused it to charge. This resulted in nervous shock to Edith, an elderly patient on a pacemaker, who presumed that the animal was charging at her. Secondary victims have to satisfy certain conditions, in order to succeed in a claim. These are the nature of the relationship between the claimant and the primary victim; the physical proximity of the claimant to the accident; the means of receipt of information by the claimant; and the manner of occurrence of the psychiatric illness.2 In Alcock, some people were killed in the Hillsborough football stadium disaster. The relatives of those who had been killed sought compensation from the police, for psychiatric injury. It was the contention of these claimants that their psychiatric injury was due to the negligence of the police officers. It was maintained by them that the police had failed to manage the crowds. In this case, the police accepted their negligence. The court in McLoughlin v Brian established the limits of emotional ties, physical proximity to the accident site, and the means by which the psychiatric injury had been caused.3 In the Alcock case, the court elaborated upon physical proximity to the accident. It stated that the person who was subjected to the traumatic event was the primary victim. The person who had not been physica lly injured, and was merely a witness to the event, constituted a secondary victim.4 According to the above discussion and case law, the Newns department store cannot evade liability on the basis of the caution notice displayed by it. In addition, it should have foreseen that there was the possibility of some child or customer infuriating the reindeer, and causing the latter to charge. Although, Edith underwent nervous shock, she was a disabled person. Moreover, she survives on a pacemaker. Furthermore, Edith is a secondary victim, who does not satisfy the additional criteria stipulated in Alcock. In addition, no physical injury or accident had transpired. Consequently, Edith is ineligible for a claim under nervous shock. All the same, she can claim damages under the provisions of Occupiers Liability Act 1984 for the pain suffered by her, due to the negligence of the Newns department store. Joanna Thereafter, a 4 year old, Joanna was separated from her mother Cindy, in this departme nt store, and she entered a washing machine, considering it a convenient place to hide and play in. A negligent sales assistant switched this machine on, and Joanna was severely injured. She was rescued by an off duty policeman Roland, who underwent nervous

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Starwood Project Part Three Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Starwood Project Part Three - Research Paper Example What this means is that if the steward falters in ensuring that such roles are performed to their logical perfection, the facility will be affected severely because customers will not be pleased. As with all profit based organizations, once the customer is not pleased, the resulting circumstance is that profits will begin to decline (Schein, 2002). Another critical aspect of stewarding as applies to the present case of Phoenician Resort is the fact that the processes undertaken by the steward go a long way to determine the speed of work at the facility. Once speed is directly related to the amount of work that can be done within a given timeframe, it could also be said that the processes and the speed for that matter affects the efficiency of the whole facility (Barney, 2001). To sum it all, the present process analysis would therefore look at ways of making the work of the steward more effective and efficient. A flowchart illustrating the new process The benefits that the POI progra m can bring to Starwood As outlined in the overview, a consideration of the whole processes that take place at Phoenician Resort presently would directly impact on the efficiency and effectiveness at the facility. Luckily, the adjustment of the present process into a new model is directly incorporated into the roles of the POI. What this means is that the PI program brings to Starwood as a parent company, an efficient and effective workforce that is led by the stewards. Interestingly, both effectiveness and efficiency have some rates of affecting the productivity that is recorded at the workplace positively (Al-Ghorfa, 2009). For instance if the processes are adjusted such that the steward can perform his roles more effectively by delivering high quality tasks, more and more customers are going to be pleased and would consider this as excellent customer service. Hitherto, those whose commitment levels were low in terms of doing business with the company would have their decisions re scinded because they are going to have reasons for assured quality of service. On the part of efficiency, it would be expected that as more customers become pleased with the quality of service and they demand for more service, the factor of efficiency would be there to match up the demand. At the end, there will be as much supply as demand from customers would pose and this would be a very positive factor for improving productivity. In all, the POI program would benefit Starwood because it would ensure and increase quality, which would subsequently increase patronage and then productivity, which would also increase revenue for the company. Extending Benefits to other processes and properties within the Starwood system Indeed, the workforce at Starwood that makes up the Starwood system is interrelated and coordinated. In such a situation, the shortfalls and strengths of one sector affect what happens in most other sectors (Barney, 2001). Given the case of the benefits that the POI wo uld have on the processes of the stewards, it can boldly be said that indeed, these benefits can be extended to other processes and properties within the Starwood system. The reason why this is so, is that Phoenician Resort represents Starwood as a larger corporate image. Subsequently, the proposed benefits of efficiency and effectiveness, which would be translated into productivity and revenue, would

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Criminology and legal psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Criminology and legal psychology - Essay Example The most valuable thing I took with me from this experience was how the duality of law could be manipulated to serve one’s ulterior motives for the better or for the worse. The use of the Holocaust Exhibition to educate European citizens, as well as individuals worldwide on the historical implications resulting from the First World War is undoubtedly an invaluable resource. As noted on the exhibition website, â€Å"Taking as its starting point the turbulent political scene in Europe immediately after the First World War, the exhibition traces the rise of the Nazi party, how anti-Semitism as a Europe-wide phenomenon made a fertile seedbed for Hitlers anti-Jewish beliefs, the perversion of science to support Nazi race theory, the isolation of German Jews, the refugee crisis and the advent of so-called Euthanasia policies in 1939 (london.iwm.org.uk).† These policies point to the deeper issue that caused the Holocaust, namely the policies that lead law abiding citizens to perform acts of genocide As Staub says in Zimbardo’s work in the course notes, â€Å"Genocide was not perpetrated by evil people of extraordinary, demonic characteristics. Rather by ordinary individuals in extraordinary social circumstances (Staub, 1989; Zimbardo 2004).† All of this shows how detrimental corrupt laws enacted by those empower can lead to horrific occurrences disguised in the form of policy. The powerful impact these exhibits have on its visitors is telling in its own right. As further noted on the site, one visitor cited â€Å"Moved, deeply†¦ shocked. Although we all know the truth now, it is a shaking human experience to be confronted with it.† Another visitor noted that, â€Å"This powerful exhibit should act as a warning to our children.† My reaction to these exhibits was very similar to that of these visitors. I was appalled but also intrigued by the human nature and frailties in the legal system that allowed it to happen. The visitors

Monday, September 23, 2019

JOURNAL 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

JOURNAL 5 - Essay Example To help in dealing with such issues, WMF included archeological institutions as well as representatives of various fields that include information management, virtual technology, conservation, infrastructure engineering, and architecture in the symposium (Pompei et al. 6). WMF hoped that the result of the forum would reach as many scholars as possible especially on issues regarding planning as well as conservation projects. The discussions held helped students in acquiring opportunities of learning about and being able to contribute to the knowledge as well as appreciate the ancient Roman society. Additionally, the discussion also presented the individuals with a unique opportunity to compare as well as exchange experiences, views, and ideas concerning best practices. More importantly, the discussion aimed at suggesting ideas that would contribute towards the chief goal of preserving the archaeological sites ((Pompei et al. 7-8). Recently, more conservational work has been carried ou t by the Instituto Centrale per il Restauro and other numerous local institutions with help from other foreign organizations. Many of these institutions attended the symposium. In this region, much work under historical and scientific fields has been executed with the main goal of preserving the remains of the Romans. Some of the remains range from tombs to an entire insulae and represent the Roman history dating back to the first century AD. The efforts of the WMF were brought to Pompeii when the region was listed among the most 100 endangered sites. According to the WMF, the symposium presented an opportunity that would help in the re-definition of the best conservation techniques that would be used both in the contemporary world and in the future. Although the discussion came across numerous disagreements, there were several ideas in which individuals agreed on. For instance, most archaeologists maintained that while implementing any effort in

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Meaning of Life and Jeremy Fink Essay Example for Free

Meaning of Life and Jeremy Fink Essay A) MEANING OF LIFE – BY JEREMY FINK. B) CHARACTERS: JEREMY FINK, LIZZY MULDOON, MRS. FINK, MR. MULDOON, MR. OSWALD, SAMANTHA AND RICK, JAMES AND MR. FINK. CONFLICT: THE CONFLICT IS ABOUT JEREMY TRYING TO FIND FOUR KEY’S THAT WOULD OPEN THE BOX WHICH HIS DAD LEFT IT FOR HIM FOR HIS THIRTEEN BIRTHDAY PRESENT WHEN HE DIED AND JEREMY IS TO FIND THE KEY THAT WOULD FIT ALL FOUR SPOTS IN THE BOX BEFORE HIS THIRTEEN BIRTHDAY. SETTING: HAPPENS IN MODERN DAYS IN NEW YORK CITY. BASIC SITUATION: JEREMY AND LIZZY TRY TO FIND THE KEY BEFORE JEREMY’S THIRTEEN BIRTHDAY. C) PLOT: JEREMY SEE’S THE POSTMAN WITH A BOX ADDRESSED TO HIS MOM. JEREMY TAKES THE BOX AND OPENS IT TO SEE A BOX. WHEN HIS MOM COMES AND SEES HIM WITH THE BOX HIS MOM TELLS HIM HOW THE BOX WAS HIS PRESENT HIS DAD LEFT HIM FOR HIS THIRTEEN BIRTHDAY AND HAD TO FIND ALL FOUR OF THE KEYS THAT WOULD OPEN IT BEFORE HIS BIRTHDAY COMES. LIZZY AND JEREMY GET IN TROUBLE AND THEY HAVE TO DO COMMUNITY SERVICE. THEN THEY MEET MR. OSWALD WHO TRIES TO HELP THEM. THEIR COMMUNITY SERVICE WAS TO DELIVER STAFF TWO NEW PEOPLE WHICH THEN THEY GET TO MEET NEW PEOPLE. D) CLIMAX: IS WHEN LIZZY AND JEREMY OPENED THE BOX AND DISCOVERED HIS. FATHER’S MEANING OF LIFE. E) FALLING ACTION: IS WHEN JEREMY OPENS THE BOX AND FINDS IT FULL OF STONES. JEREMY THEN REMEMBERS HIS FATHER HAD COLLECTED EACH STONE AT EACH IMPORTANT EVENT OF HIS LIFE. F) RESOLUTION: IS WHEN JEREMY FIND OUT THAT MR. OSWALD, JEREMY’S MOM, THE MAILMAN, AND LARRY FROM LARRY’S LOCKS WERE ALL IN JEREMY’S DAD’S PLAN TO GIVE JEREMY THE BOX AT THE RIGHT TIME AND SO THAT HE WOULD HAVE TO LOOK FOR ALL FOUR OF THE KEYS, ALTHOUGH MR. OSWALD HAD THEM ALL ALONG. BY HAVING THIS PLAN HIS DAD KNEW THAT JEREMY WOULD MEET NEW PEOPLE AND GET TO EXPERIENCE. DIFFERENT THINGS HE WOULD NEVER DO. G) POINT OF VIEW: FIRST PERSON BECAUSE THERE IS TOO MUCH FEELINGS AND EMOTION IN THE BOOK. H) PERSON VS PERSON- JEREMY AND LIZZY AS THEY TRY TO FIND THE KEYS TO THE BOX. PERSON VS SOCIETY- JEREMY AND THE SOCIETY MEETING NEW PEOPLE TO TRY TO FIND THE KEY TO THE FOUR HOLES. I) THEME: A LESSON THIS STORY TEACHES ABOUT LIFE IS TO NEVER GIVE UP, AND ALWAYS BE MOTIVATED TO DO SOMETHING YOU KNOW YOU REALLY WANT TO DO. J) SIMILE- AS HARD AS IT CAN BE WITH HOPE ON THE WAY. SIMILE- LIFE IS AS EVENTFUL AS A JOURNEY. METAPHOR- NO PAIN, NO GAIN.

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Absorption and Marginal Costing Methods

Absorption and Marginal Costing Methods Absorption costing treats the costs of all manufacturing components (direct material, direct labour, variable overhead and fixed overhead) as inventoriable or product costs in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), (BARFIELD et al., 2001). 1.2 Marginal Costing Variable costing is a cost accumulation method that includes only variable production costs (direct material, direct labour, and variable overhead) as product or inventoriable costs. (BARFIELD et al., 2001) 1.3 Similarities between Both Methods Marginal costing Absorption costing Closing inventories are valued at marginal production cost. Closing inventories are valued at full production cost. Fixed costs are period costs. Fixed costs are absorbed into unit costs. Cost of sales does not include a share of fixed  overheads. Cost of sales does include a share of fixed overheads 1.4 Influences of Marginal and Absorption costing on the pricing policy Pricing decisions: Since marginal cost per unit is constant from period to period within a short span of time, firm decisions on pricing policy can be taken, If fixed cost is included, the unit cost will change from day to day depending upon the volume of output. Overhead Variances: Overheads are recovered in costing on the pre-determined rates. This creates the problem of treatment of under or over-recovery of overhead, if fixed overhead were included Marginal costing avoids such under or over recovery of overheads. True profit: It is argued that under the marginal costing technique, the stock of finished goods and work-in-progress are carried on marginal cost basis and the fixed expenses are written off to profit and loss account as period cost. This shows the true profit of the period. Break-even analysis: Marginal costing helps in the preparation of break-even analysis, which shows the effect of increasing or decreasing production activity on the profitability of the company. Control over expenditure: Segregation of expenses as fixed and variable helps the management to exercise control over expenditure. The management can compare the actual variable expenses with the budgeted variable expenses and take corrective action through, variance analysis. Business decision-making: Marginal costing helps the management in taking a number of business decisions like make or buy, discontinuance of a particular product, replacement of machines etc.) (BRAGG, STEVEN M., 2007) 1.4.1 Influences of Marginal Costing It recognizes the importance of fixed costs in production; This method is accepted by Inland Revenue as stock is not undervalued; This method is always used to prepare financial accounts; When production remains constant but sales fluctuate absorption costing will show less fluctuation in net profit and Unlike marginal costing where fixed costs are agreed to change into variable cost, it is cost into the stock value hence distorting stock valuation. (Accounting for management) (BRAGG, STEVEN M., 2007) 1.4.2 Influences of Absorption Costing (It is simple to operate. There are no apportionments, which are frequently done on an arbitrary basis, of fixedcosts. Many costs, such as the marketing directors salary, are indivisible by nature. Fixed costs will be the same regardless of the volume of output, because they are period costs. It  makes sense, therefore, to charge them in full as a cost to the period. The cost to produce an extra unit is the variable production cost. It is realistic to value  closing inventory items at this directly attributable cost. Under or over absorption of overheads is avoided. Marginal costing provides the best information for decision making.) (KAPLAN, 2008) Classifications of cost systems in terms of object: function, product (services) and behaviour, analysing probable causes of cost variances and offer directors the needed advice to improve performance. 2. Cost by Object 2.1.1 Direct Cost Direct costs are costs which can be directly identified with a specific cost unit or cost centre. There are three main types of direct cost: Direct materials for-example, cloth for making shirts Direct labour for-example, the wages of the workers stitching the cloth to make the shirts Direct expenses for-example, the cost of maintaining the sewing machine used to make the shirts. 2.1.2 Indirect Cost Indirect costs are costs which cannot be directly identified with a specific cost unit or cost centre. Examples of indirect costs include the following: The total of indirect costs is known as overheads. indirect materials these include materials that cannot be traced to an individual shirt, for example, cotton indirect labour for example, the cost of a supervisor who supervises the shirt makers Indirect expenses for example, the cost of renting the factory where the shirts are manufactured. 2.2 Cost by Function 2.2.1 Production Cost Production costs are the costs which are incurred when raw materials are converted into finished goods and part finished goods (work in progress). 3.2.2 Non-Production Cost 2Nonproduction costs are costs that are not directly associated with the production processes in a manufacturing organisation. 2.3 Cost by behaviour 2.3.1 Variable Cost Variable costs are costs that tend to vary in total with the level of activity. As activity levels increase then total variable costs will also increase. Note that as total costs increase with activity levels, the cost per unit of variable costs remains constant. Examples of variable costs include direct costs such as raw materials and direct labour 2.3.2 Fixed Cost A fixed cost is a cost which is incurred for an accounting period, and which, within certain activity levels remains constant. Note that the total cost remains constant over a given level of activity but the cost per unit falls as the level of activity increases. (KAPLAN, 2008) Examples of fixed costs: rent business rates Executive salaries. 2.3.3 Stepped Fix Cost This is a type of fixed cost that is only fixed within certain levels of activity. Once the upper limit of an activity level is reached then a new higher level of fixed cost becomes relevant. Examples of stepped fixed costs: Warehousing costs (as more space is required, more warehouses must be purchased or rented) Supervisors wages (as the number of employees increases, more supervisors are required). 2.3.4 Semi Variable Cost Semi variable costs contain both fixed and variable cost elements and are therefore partly affected by fluctuations in the level of activity. †¢ Semi variable costs can be shown graphically as follows Examples of semi variable costs: Electricity bills (fixed standing charge plus variable cost per unit of electricity consumed) Telephone bills (fixed line rental plus variable cost per call) 2.4 Cause of Cost Variances (Sales price variances may be caused by: unplanned price increases (sales price variance) unexpected fall in demand due to recession (sales volume variance) Materials price variances may be caused by: supplies from different sources unexpected general price increases Materials usage variances may be caused by: a higher or lower incidence of scrap an alteration to product design Labour efficiency variances may be caused by: changes in working conditions or working methods, for example, better supervision consequences of the learning effect) (BPP, 2007) Responsibility accounting as a system of planning and control of the organisation. 3. Responsibility Centres Responsibility accounting systems identify, measure, and report on the performance of people controlling the activities of responsibility centres. Responsibility centre sari classified according to their managers scope of authority and type of financial responsibility. Companies may define their organizational units in various ways based on management accountability for one or more income-producing factors-costs, revenues, profits, and/or asset base. (BARFIELD et al., 2001) 3.1 Cost Centres In a cost centre, the manager has the authority only to incur costs and is specifically evaluated on the basis of how well costs are controlled. Theoretically, revenues cannot exist in a cost centre because the unit does not engage in revenue producing activity. Cost centres commonly include service and administrative departments. For example, the equipment maintenance centre in a hospital may be a cost centre because it does not charge for its services, but it does incur costs. (BARFIELD et al., 2001) 3.2 Revenue Centre A revenue centre is strictly defined as an organizational unit for which a manager is accountable only for the generation of revenues and has no control over setting selling prices or budgeting costs. In many retail stores, the individual sales departments are considered independent units, and managers are evaluated based on the total revenues generated by their departments. Departmental managers, however, may not be given the authority to change selling prices to affect volume, and often they do not participate in the budgeting process. Thus, the departmental managers might have no impact on costs. (BARFIELD et al., 2001) 3.3 Profit Centre In a profit centre, the manager is responsible for generating revenues and planning and controlling expenses related to current activity. (Expenses not under a profit centre managers control are those related to long-term investments in plant assets; such a situation creates a definitive need for separate evaluations of the subunit anther subunits manager.) A profit centre managers goal is to maximize the centres net income. (BARFIELD et al., 2001) 3.4 Investment Centre An investment centre is an organizational unit in which the manager is responsible for generating revenues and planning and controlling expenses. In addition, the centres manager has the authority to acquire, use, and dispose of plant assets in a manner that seeks to earn the highest feasible rate of return on the centres asset base. (BARFIELD et al., 2001)

Friday, September 20, 2019

The Objective Structured Clinical Examination

The Objective Structured Clinical Examination This essay will discuss my experience of having undertaken the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) where I was asked to write and carry out particular clinical skills testing my competence and knowledge. I will use a reflective model to discuss my experience of having undertaken the OSCE and my thoughts about the feedback I received. The reflective model I have chosen to use is Gibbs model (Gibbs 1988). Gibbs model of reflection includes: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and an action plan (Gibbs 1988). The model will be applied to the essay to help me access what happened, make sense of it, and learn through my own experience by relating theory to practice and backing it up with evidence. The clinical skill of which I was tested on within the OSCE I have chosen to reflect on within this essay is the mechanism of labour. I have chosen this because midwives use the theory of the mechanism of labour to assess progress during labour, and to explain events during labour. Understanding the mechanism of labour has direct implications for midwifery practice (midwifery.org, 2001), so therefore is very important for me to understand and implement in my own practice. The first stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection requires a description of events. I was given a scenario which stated that I was looking after a patient called Jane who had been admitted to labour ward in labour. I was asked to demonstrate the mechanism of labour with the doll and pelvis provided and asked to describe my actions and speak clearly while carrying out the process. Once I had read the scenario I grabbed the doll and pelvis and sat down on the chair provided and placed the dolls head in the pelvis in the transverse position. Then stated that fetal axis pressure and cervical dilatation increases causing the fetus to enter the pelvic cavity and head rotates 1/8 of a circle to lie in the oblique of the pelvis putting the doll in a right occipitoposterior position. With maternal effort in the second stage the baby descends along the curve of carus and is born by extension. When the head is born it restitutes to be in line with the shoulders. The dolls head was born face t o symphisis pubis. Then the shoulders descend and turn with the next contraction to lie in the anterior posterior diameter of the outlet. The head rotates externally and with this there is internal rotation of the shoulders. The baby is then delivered by lateral flexion with the next contraction. Once I had completed my explanation, I was given a second attempt to go through it again. So I did and unknowingly corrected a few mistakes I had made. I am now going to enter into the second stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection, which is a discussion about my thoughts and feelings. Even though this assessment was formative, I was aware that it would show my lecturers as well as myself the level of my competence I had in understanding the mechanism of labour. I knew I would find explaining the mechanism of labour difficult as it contains a lot of information which needs to be explained in an orderly way. I was being examined by Swi Ong a senior lecturer at Middlesex University who is also my link lecturer at chase farm hospital. Being watched made me feel very nervous and under pressure to get it correct. Once I finished my explanation, I was asked to have a second attempt, my first thought was to focus my thoughts as I could hear myself muddle my explanations of events on my first run. After my second attempt I was pleased with myself as I focussed more and corrected some mistakes I had made in my initial attempt. Once I had c ompleted this section of the OSCE, I was not down hearted about my performance but took it as a learning experience which would help me access my own ability and help show areas which I need to improve on. Evaluation is the third stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection and requires the reflector to state what was good and bad about the event. Once I had received my feedback from I was aware that research by Workman (1999) suggests that the use of skin cleansing wipes is inconsistent and not necessary in IM injections if the patient appears to be physically clean and an aseptic technique is adopted, along with stringent hand washing by the nurse. It has also been noted that the use of cleansing with an alcohol wipe can cause skin hardening (Mallet Dougherty 2000). The trust policy was to follow guidelines published by the Royal Marsden Hospital (Mallet Dougherty 2000). The Royal Marsden (Mallet Dougherty 2000) advocate the use of skin cleansing wipes, however it is stated within their guidelines that they adopt this because their patients are often immunocompromised, and give evidence of previous studies which indicate that skin cleansing is not normally necessary. Therefore my practice was within the trust protocol. This experience made me think about my attitude towards literature and how it is applied in practice. Burnard (2002) suggests that a learner is a passive recipient of received knowledge, and that learning through activity engages all of our senses. The site used in the IM injection was the gluteus maximus, this the most commonly used site for the administration of IM injections (Greenway 2004, Workman 1999). The gluteus maximus area is both thick and fleshy with a good blood supply (Watson 2000). It is located in the hip area and forms the buttock (Watson 2000). It has been noted by Watson (2000) that the gluteus maximus is near the sciatic nerve and Greenway (2004) suggests that this presents a risk of threat of injury in the administration of IM injections. When I administered the IM injection to the patient, I injected into the gluteus maximus muscle, as the evidence stipulates this is best practice. Stage four of Gibbs (1988) is an analysis of the event, where Gibbs encourages the reflector to make sense of the situation. I will do this by exploring the skill and looking at the evidence underpinning it. An IM injection is the administration of medication into the muscle; there are many reasons why drugs are given via the IM route (Workman 1999). These include a rapid absorption rate, the conscious state of the patient, and the drug effect being altered by ingestion (Mallet Dougherty 2000, Workman 1999). Workman (1999) suggests there are four considerations in giving an injection, the site of injection, the technique, the equipment and the route. On my clinical placement, an orthopaedic outpatient centre, IM injections were administered on an almost daily basis. However Hemsworth (2000) comments that IM injections are rarely used in certain specialities and suggests that, in this case, nurses current practice in IM injections may not be up to date with recent research findings. Through evaluation of the event in question I have become more aware of different practices concerning the use of alcohol wipes in skin cleansing. I am aware that both practices have been researched, but as I develop professionally I am developing my own skills and will not cleanse the skin in future unless the trust policy dictates so or the patient requests me to do so. There is no clear evidence in this area but I will use the literature which is available to justify my actions, and therefore give evidence based care. The reason my mentor suggested using the alcohol wipe could be that she has been qualified for a long time, and practices have changed. In this scenario I have learnt from experience and through experience (Burnard 2002). Following this incident in practice I will now be more prepared to challenge the views of others in relation to my clinical practice. In conclusion, stage five of the Gibbs (1988) model, I am aware that all nurses do not use evidence in the same way and may use different methods but as long as my practice is safe and evidence based then I can practice safely. My future practice will depend on the area in which I am working and I aim to find out the trust protocol concerning clinical procedures before I commence any procedure Within my action plan my aim is to research further into the theory of using alcohol wipes in the administration of IM injections. I am also planning to have a discussion with the qualified nurses on the subject of skin cleansing. In conclusion my reflection skills have developed through the production of this essay. Using a model of reflection has helped me to structure my thoughts and feelings appropriately. My level of awareness concerning evidence based practice, and its importance, has been enhanced with the use of critical reflection. My competence, within this clinical skill, has been further developed and I now feel that my personal and professional development is progressing. Using this reflective model has helped me to realise that my learning is something which I must be proactive in. Furthermore as a student nurse I have recognised that reflection is an important learning tool in practice. Description; Feelings; Evaluation; Analysis; Conclusion; Action Plan

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Women in Buddhism Essay -- essays papers

Women in Buddhism â€Å"The men may have started this war, but the women are running it.† In the beginning of the war, around 1941, most American women lived as their mothers previously had. Women were supposed to have jobs just until they were married and those who did work after they were married or were mothers were regarded with a sense of pity and scorn from society. In a pre-war poll, 82 percent of Americans believed a wife should not work if her husband did. A majority of Americans believed there should have been a law to prohibit it since rural and city women, alike spent about 50 hours a week on household chores alone. When the war began it became apparent that more workers were needed. However, women were among the last groups hired. Managers believed that women would take more interest in male workers than they would with the factory machines. As the war progressed and more men were shipped out for military duty, all the men that could work in the United States were so there was no other choice but to hire women. In response the need for more workers, 6.5 million women entered the work force. Factories and companies, as well as special branches of military service tried to lure women into taking jobs by comparing the housework they did everyday to the work they would be doing in their new jobs. One billboard even stated, â€Å"If you’ve followed the recipes in making cakes, you can learn to load a shell.† Women in America accounted for ...

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Nuclear Power And Its Uses :: essays research papers

Nuclear Power and Its Uses At first nuclear power was only seen as a means of destruction but after World War II a major effort was made to apply nuclear energy to peacetime uses. Nuclear power if made when a nucleus of an atom is split to release a powerful burst of energy. Though technological advancements nuclear power now supplies us with new medical aids, a new power source and new ways to do scientific research. New medical advancements are being produced rapidly due to nuclear power. Nuclear material is now being used to treat diseases. Pacients suffering from cancer can then be exposed to the healing effects of the radiation under controlled conditions. The radiation of the nuclear energy can help in medical tests. Radioactive phosphorus is an important diagnostic aid. It is injected into the veins of a patient, it concentrates in the cells of certain brain tumors. Thyroid gland strongly attracts iodine. Radioactive iodine is used both in diagnosing and in treating diseases of the thyroid. Nuclear power is changing the face of medicine with new cures and tests that will cure millions.. Nuclear power can be converted into strong and efficient nuclear energy and be used for many purposes. Nuclear power reactors generates heat that is converted into steam. The steam can be used directly for energy. This energy is used in transportation. Most military subs are now ran by nuclear energy. The most used purpose of nuclear energy can also be used to generate electric power for example in a commercial nuclear power plant. Another way to produce nuclear energy is by gas-cooled reactors with either carbon dioxide or helium as the coolant instead of water. This method is used mainly in commercial nuclear plants in the United Kingdom and France due to the lack of freshwater. With growing popularity nuclear energy will definitely of the future with new ways to use this energy in a positive manner. Scientists can now use nuclear power for biological research to help understand life more. Radioactive isotopes have been described as the most useful research tool since the invention of the microscope. Physiologists use them to learn where and at what speed physical and chemical processes occur in the human body. Isotopes are also used for agricultural Biologists use radioactive isotopes to see how plants absorb chemicals as they grow. With radioactive cobalt, botanists can produce new types of plants. Structural variations that normally take years of selective breeding to develop can be made to occur in a few months. Many believe that nuclear power is too destructive and as such should be

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Marketing planning process

Sources of Marketing Research and Information Used In Implementing MMPMarketing planning process is a logical sequence and series events to be done so as to attain strategic planning objectives of an organization and setting up strategic plans for achieving them. This is a formal process done annually by most of organizations   such that the results of draft at each stage is analyzed to evaluate the impacts it has brought on the earlier stages and changes are done to meet the expectations. The main aim is to move from the general to the specific, from the overall objectives of the organization and narrow down to individual action plan for a section of one marketing process.For an organization like Marks and spencer, this is one of widely recognized and largest clothing and food retailer in UK. The main source of marketing research and information in its implementation of planning process is market audit. This gives complete and accurate information of what is happening at the groun d. The information collected using this audit includes: review of the marketing environment which involves the study of the organizations markets customers, competitors and overall social, political, technical and economical environment currently and in the future and the review of detailed marketing mix in terms of product, price, place and promotion. Finally review of marketing system in its organization, strategies and objectives.Marketing system needs to be frequently checked since marketing plan depends on the accuracy of information from the system. The other source of information used in marketing planning is the analysis done on the market to determine what happened and why. The marketing positioning and segmentation offers the starting point of what is to be achieved by the whole planning process. Ensuring organized planning of products and services leads to balanced portfolio and finally observing â€Å"80:20† rule which states that concentrating on the 20% of produ cts or services and 20% of customers will result in 80% of the volume and 80% of the profit.Benefits Achieved From Marketing PlanningMarks and Spencer being like any other organization which practices marketing planning for its products have gained significantly. Some of accrued benefits include:The organization has been able to strongly define itself and develop its identity in the customers, employees and market at large. launching of the new products has been fast and cost effective it sets up a promise and expectation of the organization products and services it has separated the organization from the competitors and has given it a value   making it relevant to its customers it determines the unique selling proposition over the competitors It outlines how all defined brands will be used, enhanced and strengthened and allows for strategic positioning of brands in the targeted markets.Ways of Improving Marketing Planning Process Used By Mark and SpencerFor a marketing planning p rocess to remain and continue being viable, there needs to be frequent redefining and resetting of the objectives to march the market requirements with changing economic times.  Several ways in which the Mark and Spencer company can do to improve its marketing planning include: first developing new range of products to meet the changing market needs and competition arising from other clothing and food making organization, re-launching and redesigning of the existing clothing ranges and doing away with those products that are not serving   market effectively.New features need to be added and designing new packaging methods to make them look more attractive to the potential customers. This will ensure the products or services have all qualities that a customer expects to get from them. Then price of these products should be set such that they are able to penetrate the market effectively. This is achieved through pricing for different market segments. This segmentation should match differences in the buyer behaviour of the customers and study the competition in terms of number of competitors, their size, location and their strengths that exists in the market and devices the price that will be able to emerge as a preferred organization in the market. Acceptance of credit cards from other organizations and doing business on Sundays has significantly enabled Mark and Spencer recovers some its market share. The products need to be promoted in the market to create awareness to the customers so as to gain responses from the targeted markets.The marketing campaign dubbed â€Å"look behind the label† has created awareness to customer some of ethical and environmental friendly aspects being used by organization and more needs to be done to improve the image of the organization. The public relation of the organization should be well developed so as to have a clear understanding between the organization and the customers and organizing the sales force to cover ne w products introduced in the market. Lastly, having a   channel of distribution from the producer to consumer well structured to ensure the products reach the targeted marketed at convenient time This can be done by either direct channel from wholesaler to retail outlets or indirect means where distributor agency with good reputations are contracted to supply the products to the retailers. This will ensure the products are always available in the market and customer’s demands are met without shortage in supply.Recommendation for improving the marketing plan for the future:Marketing planning process is one of the factors considered when drawing a business plan and contributes significantly to the success since without sales, no returns are achievable. Marketing plans needs to be prepared with all stakeholders consulted and given a chance to providing their opinions so as to ensure the process is all inclusive to avoid making a decision without considering all factors. Profes sional with adequate know-how on marketing planning process can be employed so as to provide guidance and technical know-how.Marketing plans needs to be revised regularly depending on the marketing liberation to avoid lagging behind as new technology and innovations arises. Plan needs to be simple, specific, achievable and attainable. Products need to be of high quality and meet the desired standards by the targeted customers. Pricing of the products need to be specific to be each market segments so as the products can compete effectively in the market.   Promotion strategies selected should be one that will reach a larger market audience effectively and provide relevant information concerning the products.ReferencesBBC News 24 (2006): M&S Set to Launch Fairtrade Range, Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4660410.stm, on May 15, 2007Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S. (2000): Principles of Marketing, 2nd Edn: New York, Prentice Hall, HarlowFill, C. (2002): Marketing Com munications, Contexts, strategies and applications: New York, Prentice HallKotler, P.; Armstrong, G.; Saunders, J. and Wong, V. (1999): Principles of Marketing, 2nd Edn, New Jersey: Prentice HallMcDonald, M. (2001): Marketing Plans: – How to prepare them, how to use the. 4th Edn: London, Butterworth HeinenammMcDonald, M. (2001): Marketing Plans: – How to prepare them, how to use the. 4th Edn: London, Butterworth HeinenammBBC News 24 (2006): M&S Set to Launch Fairtrade Range, Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4660410.stm, on May 15, 2007Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S. (2000): Principles of Marketing, 2nd Edn: New York, Prentice Hall, HarlowKotler, P.; Armstrong, G.; Saunders, J. and Wong, V. (1999): Principles of Marketing, 2nd Edn, New Jersey: Prentice Hall

Monday, September 16, 2019

High School Drop Outs vs. College Graduates

High School Drop Outs vs. College Graduates Think about it, how many people actually get through high school and graduate? How many people actually graduate from college as well? High school dropout rates and college graduate rates are very different. High school dropouts are more likely to be Hispanics, African Americans, and American Indians in Maryland. Also, in Maryland high school dropout rates have come to 23% over the years according to the National Dropout Rates by www. boostup. org. For college graduates, 31. 3% of all students graduate out of a public, 4-year university.On the other hand, 52. 4% of students graduate from a private, non-profit institution according to CBS News. All the students who drop out of high school and graduate college are different by the determination and work ethic, the lifestyles and the potential earnings they might get. The determination and work ethic can make a total difference in getting into college or not graduating high school. High school drop outs don’t have good determination or work ethic. They don’t want to go to school, so they don’t and stay home. They don’t want to do their work, so they don’t do it.They think they don’t have to do any work and get by in life, but in reality that’s not how life works. College graduates either love doing school work or they hate it, and do it anyways. Their work ethics are great, because they want to do great work, so they get amazing grades. They just get it done, so they don’t have to worry about it when they want to go out and have a fun time with their friends. High school drop outs and college graduates are only a product of the way they grew up; the lifestyle they were raised in.The lifestyle of a high school dropout and a college graduate can be totally different, but could also be the same. With a high school dropout, the world they grew up in could be a low income family and they don’t have much money; bar ely enough to get by. With not much money the student who drops out could want to leave school and work. But on the other hand, they could be getting by, and never want to go to school. A college graduate could have two different lifestyle extremes. They could have loads of money and their parents pay for everything they own or they have just enough to get by.The college graduates who are just getting by want a higher education, so they go to college anyways with all the financial help they can get. According to the National Center for Children in Poverty 40% of all American kids are living in a low income family, but I think those children should still go to school and figure out what kind of person they really, truly are. Even though some people go to school and don’t receive good grades should go anyways to figure out who they really are. To figure out what kind of friends they hang out with and why they hang out with them. They also find out who their true friends are.Als o, by the type of friends they have is how they are reflected to the world. High school drop outs tend not to have the type of friends that push them to be better people, but only what they are today. For college graduates, they typically would have friends and other people pushing them and wanting them to go far in life. The motivations of the people they have in their lives are what make college graduates and high school dropouts different. All students who drop out of high school or graduate from college are different by their determination and work ethics, their lifestyles and their potential earnings.There should be more people wanting to graduate from high school and continue to graduate from college. Also students should want to learn and continue learning. Finally, lifestyles may be different and may effect who goes to college, but shouldn’t hold people back from learning, or achieving a higher education. Just because some people may drop out of high school and some p eople may graduate from college shouldn’t matter; everyone deserves to learn every day until the day they die.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Hunger in Haiti Essay

Abstract Haiti is a small Caribbean country with serious hunger problem for many years. Even in 1980s, Haiti had advanced agriculture and hunger problem was far from this country. However, the local wars and conflicts happened in 1990s changed this. Agriculture was disturbed and hunger problem became more and more serious. It has been the key problem of Haitian development so Haitian government and international society have taken lots of measures to improve this situation. The major international supports were from the US and some EU countries. Plenty of data and reports show that hunger population in Haiti has been reduced a lot. Haiti will be most likely to achieve the Millennium Development Goal pronounced in 2000 by 2015. Hunger: the key problem in Haitian development â€Å" Civilization as it is known today could not have evolved, nor can it survive, without an adequate food supply† (Borlaug, 1970). However, the hunger problem troubles a quarter of the world’s population even in these years. The problem of world hunger is serious and has affected economic development in many countries. It is common knowledge that food is the first necessity of people, but to solve the problem of feeding a population of about 6.5 billion is a big challenge to the world. Lindsay (2008) reports that food is in short supply every year because there is not enough to satisfy people’s demand in the impoverished countries. However, food security is the basis of the social development in the world. It is quite clear that a hungry country cannot make great efforts to develop the economy and improve the living standards of its people. For example, during the 3 years from 1959 to 1961, because of the food shortage, China was hesitating, virtually at a standstill , and there was little economic growth and not much of a rise in the standard of living. Therefore, solving hunger problem is vital for world but there are still many problems demanding prompt solution in food supplies in the world, especially in some less-developed nations like Haiti. The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) pronounced by the United Nations in 2000 called for the proportion of people who suffer from hunger to be halved by 2015. This paper will discuss Haiti’s struggle to reduce hunger and explain why this country can probably meet the MDG by 2015. Although many developing countries experience hunger problems, Haiti’s food crisis shows the relationship between food and social stability. This country has suffered from an extremely serious food crisis these years. Plunkett (2000) reports that agriculture accounted for 30% of Haiti’s GDP, employing two thirds of Haitian people before 1980s. However, after the armed conflicts between Haitian opposing political factions happened in 1990s, agriculture was disrupted and hunger problem became both a rural and an urban phenomenon in Haiti. More than half of total population suffered from hunger and the percentage of rural population was higher, about 65% of people living in countryside didn’t have adequate food. Children were the population most hurt by this long-term and intractable problem. One in three Haitian children suffered malnutrition and one in eight died before the age of five as a result (Plunkett, 2000). It was a shock that so serious the Haitian hunger problem was before the new century. Because of its food crisis, Haiti’s social stability has been severely affected. According to Gauthier (2008), riots have happened all over Haiti in past years and many people died in hunger-related riots. Another report shows that a peaceful demonstration turned into a violent incident in Port-au-Prince, the capital city of Haiti (Chatterjee, 2008). Clearly, Haitian people have stored up discontent against their government due to the food insecurity. At the same time, unstable social order and anarchy gravely undermined Haiti’s economy, which came to a standstill. According to Plunkett (2000), the hunger problem caused depression in the market and the closure of industrial and commercial enterprises prevalent in 1990s in Haiti. The factors which caused this crisis are multiple. It is necessary to analyze the complicated factors before taking any measures to solve this problem and help Haiti achieve the MDG by 2015. The long-term local wars at the end of last century had unfavorable impacts on grain production in Haiti so that the domestic supply of food fell short of demand. The decrease of rice production after wars also caused Haitian people’s lower income directly so more than three quarters of the rural population lived below the poverty line by 2000. There was a dramatic increase in price of stable food and this caused devaluation in Haiti. To a certain extent, Haitian people’s purchase ability decreases because of their remarkably small income and the high food price, so they cannot buy enough food (Gauthier, 2008). Chatterjee (2008) points out that the cheap rice imported from the USA caused Haitian national rice production to plummet. Because of advanced agricultural technology, American rice has many advantages such as lower price and higher nutrition. Large quantities food imports from the US in 1990s after Haitian civil wars helped people have more food but also limited the national agriculture growth in Haiti. Besides these, according to Gauthier (2008), the increasing demand of food by local people and reductions in rice imports because of funds burden these years are also the factors that cannot be ignored. In response to the challenges of the food crisis, the Haitian government has spared no effort to help hungry people have enough to eat since 2000. According to Gauthier (2008), Haiti’s new government supports the modernization of agricultural techniques and the restoration of agricultural production. The government decides to open up more wasteland and the newly reclaimed land is now bringing forth bountiful crops. In country areas, government offers relief grain to the people who cannot afford enough food (Chatterjee, 2008). The Haitian government’s efforts are effective and have accomplished a lot but the government is short of funds to give hungry people support continually, so Haiti also takes vigorous action to promote international cooperation in food security. Chatterjee (2008) reports Haiti has recently qualified for debt relief under the World Bank and International Monetary Fund’s Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative, and in the meantime, many of Haiti’s creditor countries, especially some developed countries, consider a compassionate discharge because of Haitian domestic food difficulties. Apparently, international aid programs from developed countries and NGOs are of extreme importance to help Haiti’s government. According to Plunkett (2000) and Gauthier (2008), Haitian food crisis has improved significantly these years, the hunger population has been reduced 32% by 2007 and the good momentum is being maintained. To meet the MDG by 2015, efforts should be continued to win aid programs from international organizations and developed countries to help Haitian people get adequate food in following years. Some international organizations such as the UN Food and Agriculture Organization can coordinate the world’s food aid to Haiti. But Haiti cannot rely on foreign assistance and they need to become self-reliant in the future, so the UN peacekeepers should play a bigger role in the social stabilization of Haiti so that a stable political can help Haiti restore its native agricultural production. Self-sufficiency and self-reliance are the fundamental ways to eliminate the hunger problem in Haiti. In conclusion, with the implementation of different measures, an optimistic estimate suggests that the MDG will be achieved by 2015 in Haiti. Ample food is the basic human right in this world. The nations all over the world should join hands to safeguard the food security. Reference Borlaug, N. (1970). The green revolution, peace and humanity. Nobel Lectures. The Nobel Peace Prize Institute. Retrieved on November 12, 2008 from http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1970/borlaug-lecture.html/ Chatterjee, P. (2008). Haiti’s forgotten emergency. The Lancet, 372 (9639), pp. 615 – 618. Retrieved on November 12, 2008, from http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(08)61259-3/ Gauthier, A. (2008). Food crisis in Haiti: exposing key problems in the process of stabilization. FRIDE Comment, 782 (45), pp. 34-38. Retrieved on November 12, 2008, from PAIS International database. Lindsay, R. (2008). Haiti on the ‘Death Plan’: Protesters decry high food prices and the savage cost of neoliberalism. The Nation, 286 (21), pp. 22-24. Retrieved on November 12, 2008 from PAIS International database. Plunkett, D. (2000). Food security in Haiti: A case study comparing the food security frameworks of the Haitian government , the European Commission and the U.S. Agency for International Development. Retrieved on November 12, 2008 from http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNACH663.pdf/

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Egg Flotation

Egg flotation Objective/Question/Problem My objective is to see which egg will float. The question is how much salt is needed to be added to make the egg float. The problem is that I do not know how much salt is needed to make an egg float. Hypothesis If I add salt to the water then the egg will float because the egg has a density that is lower that the density of the fluid it displaces. Background Information If the object has a density that is higher than the density of the fluid it displaces, it will sink.If the object has a density that is lower than the density of the fluid it displaces, it will float. Some objects that sink in fresh water will float in salt water. This is because saltwater has a higher density than freshwater. Websites that I used for this project are the ones below. ‘ www. ehow. com †º Education ‘ www. sciencehound. com/science_project_community/node/7206 ‘ www. blurtit. com/q729307. html ‘ answers. askkids. com †º How Stuff W orks ‘ www. thegeminigeek. com/why-an-egg-floats-in-salty-water/ VariablesThe manipulated variable is that the water will be changed one is salt water and the other is not. The Responding variable is that I will measure how much salt is needed to make the egg float. The controlled variable is that I will be the one doing everything and recording the project, and I will have the same type of eggs. Materials ‘ 2 eggs ‘ tab water ‘ Two Beakers ‘ salt ‘ stirring stick ‘ Measuring cups Experimental Procedures Step 1 : Put the water in cup halfway upStep 2 : Put 6 tsp of salt into the water. Step 3 : Mix the water and salt with stirring stick until you cant see the salt at the bottom. Step 4 : Gently Put in the egg and record what happens. Data Analysis As you can see in the first tbsp the egg floated about 200mL. After putting the second tbsp it floated up to 350mL. The third and fourth tbsp stayed the same at 500mL. After putting in the fifth tb sp it raised up to 600mL. The last tbsp did not make the egg rise all the way to 800mL it only raised up to 750mL. DataMy observations are that eggs could float because as the density of the water increased then the heavier objects could float. After each tablespoon the egg would rise little by little to get all the way to the top. After I put the egg in with all 6 tablespoon in the beaker I put the egg in and it sinked all the way to the bottom. After 1 minute passed it floated all the way up. Conclusion Eggs could float because the density of the water increased which it made the egg float. The more salt you put the more the egg will float.

Friday, September 13, 2019

The System of Electronic Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The System of Electronic Business - Essay Example Whereas supply chain management is relatively straightforward to define, e-logistics inspires varying definitions. E-logistics can be defined to be the mechanism of automating logistics processes and providing an integrated, end-to-end fulfillment and supply chain management services to the players of logistics processes. Those logistics processes that are automated by e-logistics provide supply chain visibility and can be part of existing e-Commerce or Workflow systems in an enterprise (Zhang 2008). On the other hand, in a commercial manifestation, UPS presents its e-Logistics service as the hosting of a virtual logistics department for other companies that then present this capability as their own, but leave UPS to run and manage it (Levy 2008). These viewpoints can be considered as two halves making a whole in the light of the case study that we have selected: UPS, the company under consideration applies e-logistics in Zhang's sense to its own internal operation and offers e-logistics as in Levy's description to its business customers. With regard to these definitions, e-logistics is a part of supply chain management in general, but not an obligatory part. Supply chain management may or may not include such e-enablement. However, in this paper, our goal is to investigate the situation when supply chain management does use the Internet either wholly or partially and in particular what advantages or disadvantages are conferred by e-logistics. If the supply chain business process relating to e-logistics is most natural that of order fulfillment, other processes that complete the picture are customer relationship management, customer service management, and demand management. These processes involve all of the major departments of a typical company which is those of quality, logistics, marketing and sales, production, R&D, and finance (National Research Council 2000). A common theme in works on supply chain management is the competitive advantage to be gained from a fully integrated supply chain. Integrating into a single supply chain is hailed as the deciding factor for companies that will now succeed or fail (Handfield & Nicolas 1999).

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Jstor exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jstor exercise - Essay Example dashi Wakabayashi as he reviewed different works on the comfort women, sexual slavery, and the prostitution that was brought about by the occupation of the Japanese militia in different countries. In a nut shell, the article speaks of the situation that the women experienced during the stay of the Japanese. The article emphasized that the worst crime that were committed against women was rape. The article expresses of the pain and the trauma that was experienced by the women in the countries that were ‘raped’ by Japan in her military conquest on different countries of the Pacific. As much as the Japanese had fallen in the war against the Allied powers, nothing would prove enough as a form of atonement for what has been done to the women by the Japanese soldiers. The article’s discussion on another form of ‘death’ or felony that has been done by the Japanese military would prove a useful source for the paper in class as it discusses another point of view concerning ‘genocide.’ The article does not state a direct form of death to a specific culture or race of any kind in its content so this can be used as a secondary source for the class and its

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Cause and effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Cause and effect - Essay Example She further asked for a necklace but her husband did not have any money. She then went to Madame Forestier and borrowed a diamond necklace. However, she loses the necklace at the event. They bought a new identical diamond necklace for which they had taken a heavy debt. It took them ten years to pay the amount and in the end, Madame Loisel came to know that the necklace she had borrowed was not real but an imitation. The aim of this paper is to analyze the cause and effect of the situation. Madame Loisel is the central character, who was a beautiful young lady. The author has described her as a beautiful lady, who had charm and charisma but fate had mistakenly placed her in the â€Å"family of artisans† (De Maupassant, 432). Her desire was to lead the life of luxury and lavishness and to be treated like a queen. She was belonged to a poor family and she got married to a man, who worked as a clerk in the Ministry of Education. However, she was not satisfied with her current lifestyle and she wanted to lead a life of luxury and comfort. One day, she and her husband were invited to the Ball and she complained that she did not have anything to wear. Her behavior was that of a child. Madame Loisel and her husband had to attend the Ball and she constantly complained about the things she had. She wanted a new beautiful dress with matching jewelry. By acting like a child, she bought herself a pretty dress. However, she did not have the money to buy jewelry (Prince, 267). She then complained and nagged her husband. She then visited her friend Madame Forestier and borrowed a beautiful diamond necklace. She wore it with the dress and attended the Ball. She thought that she was the most beautiful lady there and she was given constant attention. This was what she had always wanted. She wanted to be admired by others. However, after leaving the party, she discovered that she had lost the necklace. She could find it and

Exploring Entrepreneurship in Dubai Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Exploring Entrepreneurship in Dubai - Coursework Example The secondary research tool used was the internet. The website of the MOBH group covers all essential aspects of the company background, mission and vision, and future projects. It focuses on all areas of the company and served as a helpful resource. Gulf News and other articles on the group's acquisitions and deals assisted in getting a background on the company. The most important source of primary research was Mr. Mohammed Omar bin Haider, who agreed to a discussion and is the major source of research. The detailed discussion dealt with all the topics that were to be covered in the report as well as most issues faced by him and the corporation. The limitations faced were that the discussion could have been more objective and straightforward and it was difficult to get real problems out on the table. Third party sources and information from and about major customers was difficult to find. Most statements from the entrepreneur were biased or ambiguous. Mohammed Omar Bin Haider Group (MOBH) is a Dubai based corporation run by Mohammed Omar bin Haider. His father Omar Ali bin Haider was the founder of the company in the early 1950s along with his son. He started with a factory for gas production from 1964 to 1971 was the exclusive provider in Dubai. Mohammed Omar bin Haider is the current chairman of the group and is actively involved in its operations, direction and overall strategy. The company’s vision is to be the best at everything. The mission is to be a high growth company and diversify into various sectors.

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

How Chrisianity religion in a way protecting world enivornment (how it Research Paper

How Chrisianity religion in a way protecting world enivornment (how it relate to ecology) - Research Paper Example spiritually and socially bound with God and with each other respectively in a culture where coexistence with nature or the rest of creation on Earth inevitably essential. This simultaneous connection with the environment and God, an entirely unseen supreme entity known to be the Creator and is above all creation, undoubtedly bore huge impact in the process of establishing human civilization. At the dawning of the environmental movement, optimistic attitude by people seemed sufficient in dealing with the issues of the environment so they initiated planting trees, tidying up waterways and various streams, setting up parks, and fixing highways for safety while maintaining some aesthetic value for men to utilize attraction as a means to draw mature concern for the ecosystem. Ideals and sentiments, however, have become affected by factors that are quite significant to industrial advancements and general modernization as well as consumerism which operate at the rate that may not be suppressed even if legislation by authority was imposed. Though scientific endeavor has been considered to remedy ecological problems, the latter’s condition continue to worsen instead. A collection of scientists from different nations with Nobel-acclaimed laureates necessitated a warning to humanity: â€Å"Human beings and the natural world are on a collision course. Human activities inflict harsh and often irreversible damage on the environment and on critical resources. If not checked, many of our current practices put at serious risk the future that we wish for human society – and may so alter the living world that it will be unable to sustain life in the manner that we know. Fundamental changes are urgent if we are to avoid the collision our present course will bring about.† Apparently, even with the collaboration of science, a lack of conviction for something higher than the prevailing cause and something of profound intrinsic value serves to make humanity realize that spiritual

Monday, September 9, 2019

THE FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

THE FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT - Essay Example In 1977, congress endorsed the FCPA in response to the revealed widespread bribery where company managements resorted to falsification of company records and bribery. Through the FCPA act, the congress aimed at protecting the image of American democracy abroad while reinforcing the integrity US companies. In addition, the enactment of FCPA was aimed halting corrupt practice while restoring public confidence. The main intention of the enactment was to illegalize payments completed to foreign government officials by some persons and entities in quest of attaining or sustaining business (Koehler, 2013, p. 6). Two provisions used to attain this goal focus on anti-bribery and accounting. Through the anti-bribery provision, FCPA prohibits bribery of foreign public officials despite their position or rank. Since FCPA does not cover private-to-private bribery, a foreign public official serving in the capacity of judicial or legislative position, individuals practicing public roles on foreign land, , or an official serving in public firms. The Act also prohibits firms against issuing valuable things like money, offers, payments, promises to give, or gifts (Harris, 2011). Companies that participate in such payments are subject to FCPA liability as well as violations of anti-bribery provisions that include offers and promises, and actual gifts and payments. In addition, firms are prohibited from using intermediaries like consultants, businesses associates, and partners among others, to ‘knowingly’ make payments or portions prohibited by FCPA. For local and international companies listed in the US SEC, FCPA requires meeting bookkeeping provisions. The aim is to enhance the FCPA anti-bribery provisions to oversee that companies not only make but also maintain accurate records and books reasonably representing the company’s transactions (Cragg, 2005). Additionally, the