Depression Essay -- essays research papers

mental picture.Depression is one of the most common psychological problems, affecting intimately everyone through either personal experience or through depression in a family member. The cost in human suffering cannot be estimated. Depression can interfere with normal functioning, and frequently causes problems with work, social and family adjustment. It causes perturb and suffering not only to those who have a disorder, but in any case to those who care astir(predicate) them. Serious depression can destroy family life as well as the life of the depressed person.Impact of Depression&61623 Causes tremendous emotional pain&61623 Disrupts the lives of millions of people&61623 Adversely affects the lives of families and friends&61623 Reduces work productivity and absenteeism&61623 Has a significant negative impact on the economy.&61623 Depression is a psychological condition that changes how you think and feel, and also affects your social behavior and sense of physical well being. We have all felt sad at one time or another, but that is not depression. Sometimes we feel tired from working hard, or discouraged when faced with serious problems. This too, is not depression. These feelings usually pass within a few years or weeks, once we adjust to the stress.Cause of depressionClinical depression is a very common psychological problem, and most people never try proper treatment, or seek treatment but they are misdiagnosed with physical illness. This is extremely unfortunate because, with proper treatment, nearly 80% of those with depression can accommodate significant improvement in their mood and life adjustment.You may have heard people talk about chemical imbalances in the brain that hand in depression, suggesting that depression is a medical illness, without psychological causes. However, all psychological problems have round physical manifestations, and all physical illnesses have psychological components as well. In fact, the chemical imbalances that occur during depression usually disappear when you complete psychotherapy for depression, without taking any medications to correct the imbalance. This suggests that the imbalance is the bodys physical response to psychological depression, rather than the other way around.People who have low self-esteem, who consistently view themselves and the world with pessimism, or who are readily shoc... ...treatment. This may involve supporting(a) the individual to stay with treatment until the symptoms begin to decrease (several weeks), or to seek different treatment if no improvement occurs. On occasion, it may require do an appointment and along with the depressed person to appointments with the psychologist. Invite the depressed person for walks, outings, to the movies, and other activities. Be gently purposeful if your invitation is refused. Encourage participation in some activities that once gave pleasure, such as hobbies, sports, religious or cultural activities, but do not push the depressed person to undertake too lots too soon. The depressed person needs deviation and company, but too many demands can increase feelings of failure.A complete psychological diagnostic paygrade will help you decide the type of treatment that might be best for you. Psychologists.Bio.................The National Institute of Mental Health Psychology Information Online , positive by Donald J. Franklin, Ph.D.,provides information about the practice of psychology,features Continuing Education Programs and a Psychology Bookstore,and hosts the National Directory of Psychologists.

Gender Bias and Domestic Violence Essay -- Violence Against Women Essay

Women have always taken a back seat to men in American society. thither has always seemed to be one set of standards that apply to men, and another set of standards that apply to women. This is evident in the home, workplace, and all throughout society. I would like to soon discuss some of the differences that we learn about our gender, which will enable us to better extrapolate men, women, and domestic military unit in society today. Once we understand causation, we can then dismount to understand effects and prevention.Our roles as men and women start at the hospital when we are born. Boys nark blue blankets while girls get pink blankets. The toys we play with growing up are targeted at either males or females. Toys that are make for little boys include trucks, blocks, guns, soldiers, and action figures. While toys made for little girls include dolls, kitchen utensils, dress-up, and doll houses. Boys are raised to be aggressive, tough, dominant, and daring, while gir ls are raised to be passive, emotional, sweet, and subordinate. These patterns and thought processes continue on into our adulthood and begin to play out in our relationships with others, which include dating and marriage.With these gender biases and stereotypes in mind, it is easy to see how domestic violence can exist in todays society. much importantly, we begin to understand how these negative messages can effect us personally. Although domestic violence includes sibling abuse, elder abuse, and child abuse, the focus of my essay will be on spousal abuse. Domestic violence has many names such as family violence, battering, wife beating, and domestic abuse. However, as discussed in manakin, domestic violence is not limited to physical beatings alone. D... ...that society will not tolerate. In my opinion, it is not only the individual abusers, rather, society as a whole which needs huge help. Domestic violence is still extensive and this needs to end. Our media and ente rtainment industries still glamorize and demean the seriousness of domestic violence, and they greatly influence our behavior by showing false examples of how we should act and react to one another.In closing, I do believe that we are on the right track to ending domestic violence but our effort is just not strong enough because our message that domestic violence is a crime is not strong enough. This class has opened my eyes and made me aware of what is going on and what needs to be done. In the future, I will do what is needed to stop this violence around me, and I will accomplish this by simply using my voice and speaking out about what is wrong.

Media Ownership :: essays papers

Media OwnershipOwnership of the media by a small handful of companies has created several problems for democracy since its existence. Because the media has been such a major source of information for us Americans we must learn to be skeptical of these large corporations and their motives. Commercialism and the lack of diversity of the media are twain such problems that have been created due to these large corporations.The main source of money for any media outlet, whether it is CNN or the local newspaper, is from advertisers, not the audiences like you would expect. In a mountain of 118 news directors around the country, more than half, 53 percent, inform that advertisers pressure them to kill negative stories or run positive ones. News directors have also reported that outside TV consultants have been brought in to stations to critique their newscasts and improve ratings by often issuing blanket edicts about what should and should not be cover in doer to attract the most adverti sing dollars. (Just, 1) This fact now being known makes us aware that the media is often swayed from criticism of the products or mistakes of the corporations that defy them this money. Important defects or corporate issues that we need to know about have possibly gone unannounced due to the fear of losing sponsors and profit. The only way to tell diversity of opinion in the media is to have diverse ownership over it. The airwaves are a limited resource with a few channels shut up remaining. The Federal Communications Act says that the airwaves belong to the public, which has somehow has gone ignored over the years. Having been exposed to a less diverse range of ideas over the ult few decades has left us assuming that what we see and hear in the media is all that there is out there. This is obviously no way to maintain an sprightly marketplace of diverse ideas and opinions. This is defiantly no way to keep a true democracy. (Bagdikian, 2-3)As you can see the corporate ownership of the media has become a problem to our existing democracy. Not only has the media become extremely commercialized it has also taken away the diversity that we need to make an honest concept about something of importance to us.

Mending Wall Essay -- essays research papers

In Mending Wall, Robert Frost made us aware(predicate) that something doesnt love the wall in the beginning of the poem, the wall that symbolizes boundary and obstacle between people. Although this restrictive wall gives protection and a feeling of galosh for the people who are inside it, it also creates a huge barrier to the people who are on the outside. The only difference between a somatogenetic wall and an imaginary barrier is that a physical wall will eventually fall apart as time goes by, but the emotional wizard on the other hand will only get bigger. Does Frost agree with his neighbor on the perspective of relationship between people, or do they each hold a different idea?In the poem, Frost and his neighbor had a relatively short conversation. We can see that there is a sense of separation between them. Frost rarely talks to his neighbor, and the only time they ever have a chance to communicate is when they are repairing the fences. This want of communication and under standing gradually builds up an invisible barrier between them. This invisible barrier that stands between keeps them separate. Even when they are working together improve the wall, they are staying unmatchable on a side of the wall. It seems that Frost enjoys working with his neighbor separately when he says Oh, just another kind of outdoor game, one on a side. However Frost also gives us a feeling that there is other meaning to it. A game real often symbolizes a competition, or a fight. We c...

Prospect of Democracy in Burma Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Prospect of Democracy in BurmaThe prospect for the development of a democratic state in Burma has recently become a remote possibility. Burmas legions attractions have been holding talks with the opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi and her party, the National League for Democracy (NLD). The dialogue started while Aung San Suu Kyi was still under house arrest. When she was released in 2002, the international community and the people of Burma expected the process to create mentally to the next stage substantive political negotiations. However, the whole process has stalled. Burmas military remain in control.In justifying the hiatus, the Burmese military leaders pick out in various forms of platitudinous rhetoric, care blanket(a)y designed to obfuscate their totalitarian intent. The theme of this rhetoric is that the country is undergoing a transition toward a multi-party nation. Burmas potent intelligence chief, General Khin Nyunt, has warned that such a transition cannot be done in haste or in a haphazard manner. The world is full of examples where hasty transition from one system to another led to unrest, instability and even failed states . However, this linguistic charade is not consistently maintained. Burmas generals have make disturbing pronouncements that overtly envision a highly compromised, paternalistic democracy. They assert that any democracy in Burma must incorporate Asian values, and is thus incompatible with Western models of democracy. The generals have proved recalcitrant in the face of international pressure, and persist with their particularly Burmese variant of democracy. Nyunt recently said that The democracy we seek to build may not be identical to the West but it will surely be based on universal principles of liberty, legal expert and equality. It is more than likely that Burmas military rulers are now looking at the Chinese political model as the basis of their overbold constitution. This rhetoric, centered around various abstractions and elaborations of political vision, is calculated to distract from the decidedly non-democratic Burmese political reality. What has actually been happening is that the countrys top military leader Senior General Than Shwe has strengthened his control over both the army and the administrative structure. Ever since the arrest of four members of the former military authoritarian General Ne Wins famil... ...ase against the government - without provoking violence - while at the same time cooperating with the generals in a dialogue which recognizes the limitations of its period political potency. BibliographyEvans, George, Human rights in Burma, Contemporary Review, Oct, 1994, v265, n1545, p178Jagan, Larry, Burmas opposition slowly rises from asheshttp//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1885565.stm BBC News. 2002Jagan, Larry, Junta has little to celebrate http//www.rebound88.net/sp/junta/s14junta-thanshwe.htmlBangkok Post, 2002.Jagan, Larry, Deadlock in Burma http//www.h imalmag.com/2002/october/burma.htm 2002.Lintner, Bertil, Divide and rule peace treaties marginalise democracy groups. Far Eastern Economic Review, Jan 27, 1994, v157, n4, p20 Linter, Bertil, New camouflage army maintains tight controls despite election subscribe, Far Eastern Economic Review, May 11, 1989, v144, n19, p32Maidment, Richard. Goldblatt, David. Mitchell, Jeremy. Governance in the Asia Pacific. Routlage, London, 1998.Seth, Mydans, Burmese General Says Transition to Democracy Will Be Slow. http//www.burmaforumla.org/burmese_general_says_transition_.htm New York Times, 2002.

Prospect of Democracy in Burma Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Prospect of Democracy in BurmaThe prospect for the development of a democratic state in Burma has recently become a remote possibility. Burmas armed forces leaders have been holding talks with the opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi and her party, the National League for Democracy (NLD). The dialogue started eyepatch Aung San Suu Kyi was still under class arrest. When she was released in 2002, the world(prenominal) community and the people of Burma expected the process to evolve to the next stage substantive political negotiations. However, the whole process has stalled. Burmas military remain in control.In justifying the hiatus, the Burmese military leaders engage in various forms of platitudinous rhetoric, carefully designed to obfuscate their totalitarian intent. The authorship of this rhetoric is that the country is undergoing a transition toward a multi-party democracy. Burmas influential intelligence chief, world(a) Khin Nyunt, has warned that such a transition canno t be done in haste or in a haphazard manner. The world is full of examples where hasty transition from one system to another led to unrest, instability and purge failed states . However, this linguistic charade is not consistently maintained. Burmas generals have made disturbing pronouncements that overtly envision a highly compromised, paternalistic democracy. They assert that either democracy in Burma must incorporate Asian values, and is therefore incompatible with Western models of democracy. The generals have proved recalcitrant in the face of international pressure, and persist with their particularly Burmese variant of democracy. Nyunt recently said that The democracy we seek to build may not be identical to the West but it will surely be based on universal principles of liberty, justice and equality. It is more than likely that Burmas military rulers are now looking at the Chinese political model as the basis of their new constitution. This rhetoric, centered around vari ous abstractions and elaborations of political vision, is calculated to distract from the decidedly non-democratic Burmese political reality. What has actually been happening is that the countrys top military leader Senior General Than Shwe has strengthened his control over both the troops and the administrative structure. Ever since the arrest of four members of the former military dictator General Ne Wins famil... ...ase against the government - without provoking violence - while at the same time cooperating with the generals in a dialogue which recognizes the limitations of its current political potency. BibliographyEvans, George, Human rights in Burma, Contemporary Review, Oct, 1994, v265, n1545, p178Jagan, Larry, Burmas opposition slowly rises from asheshttp//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1885565.stm BBC News. 2002Jagan, Larry, Junta has little to celebrate http//www.rebound88.net/sp/junta/s14junta-thanshwe.htmlBangkok Post, 2002.Jagan, Larry, Deadlock in Burma http//www .himalmag.com/2002/october/burma.htm 2002.Lintner, Bertil, Divide and rule peace treaties marginalise democracy groups. Far Eastern economical Review, Jan 27, 1994, v157, n4, p20 Linter, Bertil, New camouflage army maintains tight controls despite election pledge, Far Eastern Economic Review, May 11, 1989, v144, n19, p32Maidment, Richard. Goldblatt, David. Mitchell, Jeremy. Governance in the Asia Pacific. Routlage, London, 1998.Seth, Mydans, Burmese General Says Transition to Democracy Will Be Slow. http//www.burmaforumla.org/burmese_general_says_transition_.htm New York Times, 2002.

Community Management of Toyota Owner Club

Background Technology takes part in the development of human being, especially information and technology. It creates globalization in to the highest degree every sector of economy, politics, education, and culture in almost every country. Technology makes information almost border slight and simplifies the customer source of information but on the opposite hand makes the market analysis grow more sophisticated and also creates the need of improvement in knowledge to understand the marketing model to manage with the dynamic improvement of technology.Marketing as knowledge to describe what-who-when-where-why-and how to the market works describe in 3 briny issue which is 1. Product management 2. client management 3. Brand management That is all learnt by marketeers so corporates could generate the demand of production continually time after time and surviving in the market. The problem nowadays is when the come withs marketing slowly has less effect on customer due to a lack of tr ust or the obsolete company methods used in todays shifting market, companies needs to be more ease and open to new, necessary information so it could be disseminated to their customers.Social media and information portal, easily accessed by those who need current information and recommendations, is more preferrable to the consumer. A research said that 90% of customers are sure most recommendations his/her friend gave them and 70% of customers are sure about opinions on the internet. graph 1 Degree of Trust for company advertisement (April 2009, the Nielsen Company) Somehow it is a phenomenon that less of consumers are convinced of companys advertisements and shifted to an different form of advertisement which is what we call recommendation by acquintances.It is an oopportunity for companies to take advantage of a community or group of loyal customers as an information pipe root to attract customers and prospected customers. It is what we know as word of mouth, which the dissemina tion of information is not massive but undertake and spread in high speed thus making it unstoppable. To companies, above the line (ATL) advertising should not only be the main focus and main budget spent to market their product information and create the willingness to buy, companies also should convince the potential customer by developing the methods of effective below the line (BTL) advertising effective-efficient.Community involvement in this BTL aactivity is one of the activations in horizontal marketing. How to do that is develop a company that has marketing orientation from a precious innovation (main issue of marketing explained above) into new concept of horizontal marketing which contains 1. Co Creation 2. Communitization 3. Character building The point in communitization is explaining the relationship between the company and the consumers with a community between them. Godin Seth in his book Tribal concludes that successful companies have the support from the community .It explains that consumers intend to be more connected with other costumers rather than with the company. Here is great oopportunity if companies understand what its consumers want and take the appropriate action by accomodating consumers in a community or enter the existent community and give the companys influence there. A company needs to help consumers connect to their community so the influence has more power to persuade the pursual marketing effort. Fourier and Lee explain that consumers themselves would choose where they belong on the following type of connection 1.Pools here is where consumers are real brand fans and event hough they did not interact directly with other consumers in a community they would still be brand evangelists and strengthen brand power. 2. Webs the consumer has one-on-one interraction, it is typically consumers who connect with for each one other on social media. They spread information and influence in one-on-one interaction but usually also aff ects other group members. 3. Hubs A hub connection needs a leader, the trend setter and figure who brings another consumer (follower) into the network and these consumers will move around the leader and create a dedication of brand.We might agree that a community is developed not to serve the business but to serve their members which attracts loyal consumers. But this indirect relationship does not mean the company has no intention, the company needs to maintain in effective-efficient way so marketing effort will not be a waste but instead succeed slowly but sure, the company builds the building blocks of a consumers trust and loyalty, and the community has significant role in it. 1. 2Problem Formulation For the background has been explained before, authors have researched the question to be developed as mentioned below 1.What sre Toyota owner Clubs strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in its current position ? 2. How Toyota explains the butt work and milestones in this community management process ? 1. 3Research Objectives This research is done pursuing the explanation of problem found and set objectives as shown below 1. Identifying Toyota Owner Club has strength, weaknesses, oopportunity, and threat 2. Giving suggestion of current community management process has frame work and milestone 1. 4Research scope Author has scope in this research are 1.Research conducted while doing industrial training in PT Toyota-Astra Motors (Head Office, Jalan Yos Sudarso Sunter II Jakarta 14330) in Marketing Division- Marketing Communication Departement, Event Section. 2. info provided is infromation from author has observation, discussion, and primary and secondary data from industrial training period. 3. This research is not for profit and conducted as author has suggestion to the management, event section of PT Toyota-Astra Motors. 1. 5Internship Objectives This internship itself were conduct more than doing research are also to achieve these objectiv es

Billy Collins: analysis of his poems Essay

Arguably the most popular poet in America, Billy collins provides proofreaders with two types of verse that is nobody like typical poetry. One of his unique styles is writing as if the rime could be read like a novel. The other type brings humor and whim to his plump, yet he hints at a seriousness that lies beneath the surface. Both styles of poetry atomic number 18 slack to read, but take a second check to realize what the Collins is intending the reader to understand. Billy Collins is an exceptionally quick poet whose writing at first can be taken to be a simple comedy but when read more c atomic number 18fully, it can be interpreted as a far more complex script. First learnings of the songs I Chop nearly parsley epoch Listening To trick Blakeys magnetic declination Of Three Blind Mice, Victorias Secret, and Shoveling Snow with Buddha might convince the reader that Collins is offering poetrys that are clever yet easy to read and understand. A quick reading of Colli ns poems shows a similarity of his witty style, although the subject calculate of each is different.First glance readings of these poems might lead readers to the following interpretations.A man wasting his time f oral cavityping through the pages of a Victorias Secret magazine. A man shoveling ascorbic acid from a driveway with Buddha. Lastly, a man daydreaming about the childrens rhyme Three Blind Mice. However, if these poems are read more carefully they reveal a hidden richness in their contents. In the first reading of the poem Victorias Secret, the fabricator is flipping through the pages of a lingerie magazine. He describes the outfits of the eight models in great(p)(p) detail. For example, wearing a deeply scalloped / flame-stitched halter top / with padded push-up styling / and easy side-zip tap pants. Also, the narrator evaluates the mood of each model by the reflexion on her face. For instance, bears at me over her bare shoulder, / cannot hide the shadow of annoya nce in her brow. None of the models in the photographs seem to like narrator looking at them. Yet, plane legato the narrator continues to look at the conterminous model until he realizes that he has wasted in any case much time already. He still has so much to do and it sounds as if there is a commotion going on in his house.The dog is barking, the phone is ringing, and the rain is beating on the roof. In a second and deeper reading of Victorias Secret Collins describes each of the models in an absurd pose. This is from the hard work the modeling agencies put the girls through. Collins is qualification a mockery of the girls and in greater brain, the modeling agencies. For example, her mouth is theshape of petulance. a confused mixture of pain and surprise / as if she had stepped on a tack arching one eyebrow slightly and best of all stretched out catlike Since, Collins is a college professor in New York City, all of these big modeling agencies advertisements are all over the streets, that is why he is making such(prenominal) a mockery of them. All of these models are in awkward poses that they on the face of it are not comfortable in but, still agree to do them unless to be in the photo. Another thought Collins is trying to pack across to the reader is the amount of time the narrator had pass looking at pictures. The narrator represents every average everyday guy who since childhood has spent a lot of time looking at pictures.This child had grown up to be a man and still imprinted in his memory, a respectable time is looking at pictures of course, now of societies definition of beautiful women. The last thought Collins throws into this poem is the idea that life is too short to waste. manner is rushing by like a mad, swollen river. He puts the image of roses blossoming in the garden and the next minute it is juggleing. In the first reading of Shoveling Snow with Buddha the narrator is shoveling a driveway with Buddha. This is something that is v ery unlike Buddhas usual environment and unlike his usual action. Once the narrator gets past that point, it becomes a invention of two guys shoveling a driveway. They work and work We toss the light power into the clean air. Then the narrator realizes that what they are doing is more than just shoveling snow they are practicing a religion. This is so much better than a sermon in church, Thought the poem Buddha is mostly silent until the snow is piled high all somewhat them, he then asks if they could go inside and play separate after they finish.This strikes the narrator excitement and he tells Buddha that not only will they play cards but, will also drink some hot chocolate. Buddha is satisfied with the narrators reply and returns to his work.In a second and deeper reading of Shoveling Snow with Buddha Collins portrays Buddha as a hale respected person. The first point Collins is trying to get reader to understand is that respected men are humble. Respected men do work withou t complaining and they do not stop until the goal is reached. smile so wide it wraps itself around the waist of the universe, Buddha keeps on shoveling. purpose of existence, but he is too busy to hear me. All morning long we work. This is why Buddha is shoveling snow, from a driveway that is not even his. The setting of thispoem also relates to Collins childhood, where he grew up in New York and after the snow, shoveling the driveway is not an easy task for one man to do. When the narrator says This is the true religion, the religion of snow, / and sunlight and spend geese barking in the sky, / I say, This is where Collins inputs religion into the poem.The goal of Buddhism is enlightenment in the poem the narrator truly feels enlightened by shoveling snow. That is why he appreciates things such as the sunlight and the geese barking in the sky. The final point Collins puts in this poem is when Buddha asks can we go inside and play cards? Since Buddha is interpreted as a normal huma n in this poem, every human needs a source of motivation no matter how much he wants to help. play cards is Buddhas source of motivation in this poem.In the first reading of I Chop Some Parsley While Listening to Art Blakeys interpretation of Three Blind Mice the narrator is chopping vegetables while listening to some music. When the song Three Blind Mice comes on he goes into a daydream about how the mice went blind, how they could surrender found each other, and why they would run after a farmers wife. The narrator then slips into thoughts of the mice without eyes and tails venturing through moist grass and on the adorn along the baseboards.The narrator then becomes saddened by his thoughts and blames his wet eyes on the dicing of an onion.In a second and deeper reading of I Chop Some Parsley While Listening to Art Blakeys Version of Three Blind Mice Collins uses the narrator as a guilty cynic. is the cynics answer. cynic who incessantly lounges within me. A cynic is one who believes in selfishness as the motivation of human actions and disbelieves in selflessness. Collins compares the cynic of the childrens rhyme to the cynic inside the narrator. Although, the narrator in this poem does feel remorse for the mice this is the point Collins is trying to get the reader to understand. There is always a way for a person to go from misanthropic to respectful. Yet, in this poem the narrator tries to elude the reader by making reference to the fumes from the onion for causing his wet eyes. It is only ironic that the next song that comes to play is Freddie Hubbards pitiful trumpet on Blue Moon. The music in this poem demonstrates Collins love for jazz, even though it is a mournful trumpet playing he uses his own hobbies to illustrate a feeling for the reader.Collins is known for using detailed writing to bold the element of imagination in his poetry. In Victorias Secret Collins goes into greatdetail to what the models are wearing. wearing a deeply scalloped / flame-stitched halter top / with padded push-up styling / and easy side-zip tap pants. whisperweight camisole with / keyhole closure and a point desprit mesh back. wearing nothing / but this stretch panne velvet bodysuit / with a low sweetheart neckline / featuring mold cups and adjustable straps. All of these images are easily put into the readers mind and allow the reader to actually see the models outfits without viewing the picture in the poem. Collins even displays the images of the models expression in the poem. a confused mixture of pain and surprise / as if she had stepped on a tack, she is putting about something, / all lower lip and cheekbone. Lastly, when Collins describes how quickly life can pass by he uses phrases like One minute roses are opening in the garden.And describes the night as black and silky. Imagery in Shoveling Snow with Buddha is evident as healthy. over the mountain / of his bare, round shoulder. cold mist on our faces. glittering white snow. winter time geese barking in the sky, and drive off with a broken heater fan and a song on the radio. All of these phrases make the reader feel as if they are in the middle of winter along with Buddha and the narrator. The reader feels the cold mist, hears the geese barking and the song on the radio and, sees the half naked Buddha tossing the glittering white snow over his shoulder. Collins also adds a sense of home with our boots stand dripping by the door. That phrase familiarizes readers with their own memories of coming back to a flying cozy home from the harsh cold of the winter.The imagery in I Chop Some Parsley While Listening to Art Blakeys Version of Three Blind Mice is not as apparent as the other poems but, is still spot able. When Collins refers to the tiny darkness, of the blind mice the reader can sense the tiny dark tunnel the mice live in. Also the reader feels the narrators wet stinging eyes, along with the sound of the mournful trumpet. The reader can as well smell the c hopping of the vegetables, such as the parsley and most of all the fumes from the diced onion.In the poems I Chop Some Parsley While Listening To Art Blakeys Version Of Three Blind Mice, Victorias Secret, and Shoveling Snow with Buddha theimagery element is astonishing. A reader of these poems not only sees the images in their pass, but can also smell, hear, and feel what the characters in the poem can. Collins is so talented that he creates a duplicate world for the reader with his poetic language. He uses this imagery to hire the reader in his poem. Collins likes to call this kind of poetry travel poetry a mental travel from the beginning of the poem to the ending. To be evoke in the entire poem, not just one line that sounds superb.Billy Collins says in an interview with John Bush When you convey the sense of smell, youre really imparting the spirit of the poem. Mark Conway describes Collins tone The pokerfaced tone of Collins poems never lets readers be sure if the tone in his poetry is respectful or mocking. (287). On the other hand, many would argue with Conway. Just like most of Collins other poems, a deeper reading can help find the true meaning of the poem. With that meaning the tone is simple to see. In Victorias Secret Collins puts each model in an awkward pose. her mouth is the shape of petulance. a confused mixture of pain and surprise / as if she had stepped on a tack arching one eyebrow slightly and best of all stretched out catlike All of these models look ridiculous.The tone in this poem is mockery Collins portrays this by using imagery as well. He paints a picture of the model in the readers head in an absurd poise with a somewhat constipated look on their face. Also, Collins makes the reader feel as if all the models are stuck up and dont want to be looked at. Do you have a problem withthat? Why do I care, her eyes say, were all going to hell anyway. He shows that the models are stuck up by literally attacking one model by using these phrases in his stanza, she is pouting about something, Perhaps her ice cream has tumbled / out of its cone cell Perhaps she has been waiting all day / for a new sofa to be delivered, The tone of this poem is very comical and by the end of it the reader sees the models as immature juveniles.In the poem Shoveling Snow with Buddha the tone is much more respectful. Collins shows his respect for men like Buddha through his literal language. until now the season is wrong for him. This is not implied by his serene expression, Buddha is symbolized as a selfless man who is shoveling a driveway that not even his. Buddha will not stop the job until the goal isreached, Collins is very admiral of this type of behavior. He has thrown himself into shoveling snow / as if it were the purpose of his existence, and he inside his openhanded pocket of silence, It is evident in the poem that Collins respects Buddha but, with the use of his language he makes the reader respect Buddha. Since Buddha is p ersonified by all the natural good people in the world, the reader appreciates these kind of people much more by the end of the poem.In the poem I Chop Some Parsley While Listening To Art Blakeys Version Of Three Blind Mice, the tone is not evident until Collins uses the term cynic. After this word the poem goes from a comical tone to a mournful tone. but the thought of them without eyes / and now without tails to trail through the moist grass, has the cynic who always lounges within me / up off his couch and at the window / trying to hide the rising softness that he feels. From the daydream that Collins put the narrator in, the narrator becomes very sad and mournful for these three blind mice whose tails have been cut off. wet stinging / in my own eyes, is what the narrator has by the end of the poem. Collins use of language in this poem makes the reader feel the aforesaid(prenominal) way as the narrator by the end of the poem.In an interview with Dave Weich, Collins describes his initial tone Usually I try to create a hospitable tone at the beginning of a poem. This makes the poem easy to get into and understand. Then Collins adds a twist and puts in a more complex tone that usually makes the reader feel the same way the narrator in the story feels. The tone in Victorias Secret is very comical and by the end of it the reader sees the models as immature juveniles. The tone in Shoveling Snow with Buddha is respectful and makes the reader respect all selfless people like Buddha. And lastly the tone in I Chop Some Parsley While Listening To Art Blakeys Version Of Three Blind Mice, is sad and mournful and makes readers have wet stinging eyes just as the narrator at the end of the poem. Collins is very talented at bringing the feeling of his poetry into the readers selves.Billy Collins is an exceptionally talented poet whose writing at first can be taken to be a simple comedy but when read more carefully, it can beinterpreted as a far more complex script. His use of imagery and tone give the readers an interactive movie in their heads when they read his literature. As a college professor, Collins is very talented at making all readers of his poetry understand the meaning and feeling in his poems. Philip Jason describes Collins poetry as suggests why he so often uses humor to lead the reader into a place, often a serious and surprising place, of the poems conclusion. However, Collins poetry cannot be skimmed if the reader wants the true meaning and feeling to be apparent to them. A second and deeper reading is needed to truly feel the poem. Collins poetry is humble and vibrant with language, imagery and, tone and serves as a sample for all American poets.Works CitedBush, John. A Conversation with Billy Collins. http//www.windriverpress.com/critique/collins_b.html. survey Magazine.Collins, Billy. Picnic, Lightning. Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Press, 1998.Conway, Mark. Billy Collins. The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature. Vol . 1. 2006.Jason, Philip. Critical Survey of Poetry. Vol. 2. California Salem Press,Inc., 2003. 8 vols.Lee, Michelle. Poetry Criticism. Vol. 68. New York Thomas Gale, 2006. 83 vols.Saunder, Alletha. Interview with Billy Collins. summer 2006. http//www.uidaho.edu/fugue/billy_collins.htm. Fugue, University of Idaho.Varnes, Kathrine. An exaltation of forms contemporary. Michigan University ofMichigan Press, 2002.Weich, Dave. Billy Collins, Bringing Poetry to the Public. January 14, 2004. http//www.powells.com/authors/collins.html. Powells.com.

Christian Leadership to Change the World

Christian leadership in my opinion is operating in and by Christ. We must be his manpower and his feet with precepts. In order to lead and present change God must be in us and its evident must be known. Matthew 5 13 -16 clearly proclaims the significance of our existence and Gods requirement of every believer. 2 Timothy 215 expresses the need for every believer to be approved by the Lord first and then going forth to preach the word throughout to Gods masses. Leadership is the duty of the person who is in wedge to take charge with courage and character while risking leading the people where they need to go.In doing this Christian leaders will need vision, opportunities, and needs. Then you will have to spark off others to get it done by providing resources, using their talents, and having them contribute their time, however we should be pragmatic of timing. As leaders we must understand the value of for presumptuousnessess, redemption and refurbishment and how essential they are to producing change in society or the world. Also identity and integrity are paramount as well in sound Christian leadership.This will equip us for the non believers who have a desire to come into the kingdom as well as the believers. To be effective Christian leaders we must seriously take our lead from scriptural principles and not from popular trends. We must maintain our focus on what the scripture says in appal of situations and circumstances. 2 Timothy17 reads God has not given us the spirit of fear but of power and of lovewhen we fully recognize that God has given us the power and authority to create change it will then allow us to progress and elevate greatly towards change in society.moreover Proverbs 4 and 5 specifies the importance of gaining knowledge and wisdom from the Lord and Proverbs 3 5 instructs us to trust God in all things so he can direct our path. We must as leaders become selfless and allow the Lord to speak to us so we can get to the people and back in fron t of society providing the church a forum to determine the direction of society. Christian leadership recognizes that the achievement of the vision is a percentage towards the coming and building of Gods kingdom and understands that where God rules it will then govern the behavior of the world.As Christian leaders we are to remain as a relevant influence providing Gods unchanging and everlasting word to an ever changing society. As the world continues to change the impetus for Christian leadership remains the same. so far we must also acquire new leadership techniques as both the church and the world changes. SUBMITTED BY RENEE D. SOBERS

Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER FIFTEEN GAIA-S

GAIA-SSura Novi now stepped into the control room of the small and preferably old-fashioned ship that was carrying Stor Gendibal and herself across the parsecs in deliberate restricts.She had clearly been in the compact cleaning room, where oils, warm air, and a minimum of water freshened her body. She had a robe wrapped about her and was holding it tightly to herself in an agony of modesty. Her blur was dry exactly tangled.She said in a low voice, Master?Gendibal looked up from his charts and from his computer. Yes, Novi?I be sorrow-laden She paused and then said slowly, I am genuinely sorry to b separate you, Master (then she slipped again) muchover when I be loss-ridden for my clothing.Your clothing? Gendibal st ared at her blankly for a import and then rose to his feet in an admission of contrition. Novi, I forgot. They needed cleaning and theyre in the detergent-hamper. Theyre cleaned, dried, folded, all set. I should arrive fulfilln them out and placed them in clea r sight. I forgot.I did non like to-to (she looked d own at herself) offend.You dont offend, said Gendibal cheerily. Look, I promise you that when this is over I shall see to it that you eat a great deal of clothing rude(a) and in the latest fashion. We left in a hurry and it never occurred to me to bring a supply, yet really, Novi, in that location are only the devil of us and well be together for slightly time in very(prenominal) a unlessting quarters and its needless to be to be so c at oncerned about He gestured vaguely, became aware(predicate) of the horrified look in her eyes, and thought Well, shes only a country girl after all and has her standards probably wouldnt object to improprieties of all kinds but with her clothes on. and so he felt ashamed of himself and was glad that she was no scholar who could sense his thoughts. He said, Shall I get your clothes for you?Oh no, Master. It be non for you. I know where they are.He succeeding(a) saw her properly dre ssed and with her hair combed. There was a distinct shyness about her. I am ashamed, Master, to have behaved so improperly. I should have found them for myself.No matter, said Gendibal. You are doing very well with your Galactic, Novi. You are picking up the language of scholars very quickly.Novi smiled suddenly. Her teeth were somewhat un rase, but that scarcely detracted from the manner in which her face brightened and grew almost sweet under praise, thought Gendibal. He told himself that it was for that reason that he rather liked to praise her.The Hamish will think little of me when I am back home, she said. They will give voice I be am a word-chopper. That is what they holler out someone who speaks odd. They do non like much(prenominal).I doubt that you will be going back to the Hamish, Novi, said Gendibal. I am sure thither will continue to be a place for you in the complex with the scholars, that is when this is over.I would like that, Master.I dont suppose you would care to call me Speaker Gendibal or just No, I see you wouldnt, he said, responding to her look of s basindalized objection. Oh well.It would not be fitting, Master. further may I ask when this will be over?Gendibal shake his head. I scarcely know. remunerate now, I essential merely get to a particular place as quickly as I can. This ship, which is a very good ship for its kind, is slow and as quickly as I can is not very quick. You see (he gestured at the computer and the charts) I must work out ways to get across large stretches of space, but the computer is limited in its abilities and I am not very skillful. must you be there quickly because there is jeopardy, Master?What take shapes you think there is danger, Novi?Because I watch you sometimes when I dont think you see me and your face looks I do not know the word. Not afeared I mean, frightened and not bad-expecting, either.Apprehensive, muttered Gendibal.You look concerned. Is that the word?It depends. What do you m ean by concerned, Novi?I agent you look as though you are saying to yourself, What am I going to do next in this great trouble?Gendibal looked astonished. That is concerned, but do you see that in my face, Novi? Back in the Place of Scholars, I am extremely careful that no one should see allthing in my face, but I did think that, alone in space except for you I could relax and let it sit around in its underwear, so to speak. Im sorry. That has embarrassed you.. What Im trying to say is that if youre so perceptive, I shall have to be more careful. Every once in a while I have to relearn the lesson that even nonmentalics can make shrewd guesses.Novi looked blank. I dont check, Master.Im talking to myself, Novi. Dont be concerned. See, theres that word again. soothe is there danger?Theres a problem, Novi. I do not know what I shall find when I reach Sayshell that is the place to which we are going. I may find myself in a situation of great difficulty.Does that not mean danger? No, because I will be able to handle it.How can you tell this?Because I am a scholar. And I am the best of them. There is postcode in the Galaxy I cannot handle.Master, and something very like agony twisted Novis face, I do not wish to offensify I mean, give offense and make you angry. I have seen you with that oafish Rufirant and you were in danger then and he was only a Hamish farmer. Now I do not know what awaits you and you do not, either.Gendibal felt chagrined, Are you agoraphobic, Novi?Not for myself, Master. I fear I am afraid for you.You can say, I fear, muttered Gendibal. That is good Galactic, too.For a issue he was meshed in thought. Then he looked up, took Sura Novis rather coarse hands in his, and said, Novi, I dont want you to fear anything. Let me explain. You know how you could tell there was or rather might be danger from the look on my face almost as though you could immortalize my thoughts?Yes?I can depict thoughts better than you can. That is wha t scholars learn to do and I am a very good scholar.Novis eyes widened and her hand pulled loose from his. She seemed to be holding her breath. You can read my thoughts?Gendibal held up a finger hurriedly. I dont, Novi. I dont read your thoughts, except when I must. I do not read your thoughts.(He knew that, in a serviceable sense, he was lying. It was impossible to be with Sura Novi and not understand the general tenor of some of her thoughts. One scarcely needed to be a indorsement Foundationer for that. Gendibal felt himself to be on the edge of blushing. But even from a Hamishwoman, such an attitude was flattering. And yet she had to be reassured out of common beneficence He said, I can also change the way people think. I can make people feel hurt. I canBut Novi was shaking her head. How can you do all that, Master? RufirantForget Rufirant, said Gendibal testily. I could have stopped him in a moment. I could have do him fall to the ground. I could have made all the Hamish H e stopped suddenly and felt uneasily that he was boasting, that he was trying to impress this churl woman. And she was shaking her head remedy.Master, she said, you are trying to make me not afraid, but I am not afraid except for you, so there is no need. I know you are a great scholar and can make this ship fly through space where it seems to me that no person could do aught but I mean, anything but be lost. And you use machines I cannot understand and that no Hamish person could understand. But you need not tell me of these powers of consciousness, which for certain cannot be so, since all the things you say you could have done to Rufirant, you did not do, though you were in danger.Gendibal pressed his lips together. Leave it at that, he thought. If the woman insists she is not afraid for herself, let it go at that. Yet he did not want her to think of him as a weakling and braggart. He simply did not.He said, If I did nothing to Rufirant, it was because I did not wish to. W e scholars must never do anything to the Hamish. We are guests on your world. Do you understand that?You are our masters. That is what we always say.For a moment Gendibal was diverted. How is it, then, that this Rufirant attacked me?I do not know, she said simply. I dont think he knew. He must have been mind-wandering uh, out of his mind.Gendibal grunted. In any case, we do not harm the Hamish. If I had been forced to stop him by hurting him, I might have been poorly thought of by the separate scholars and might perchance have lost my position. But to save myself being badly hurt, I might have had to handle him just a small bit the smallest possible.Novi drooped. Then I need not have come rushing in like a great fool myself.You did exactly right, said Gendibal. I have just said I would have done ill to have hurt him. You made it unnecessary to do so. You stopped him and that was well done. I am grateful.She smiled again blissfully. I see, then, why you have been so kind to me. I was grateful, of course, said Gendibal, a little flustered, but the important thing is that you must understand there is no danger. I can handle an army of ordinary people. Any scholar can especially the important ones and I told you I am the best of all of them. There is no one in the Galaxy who can stand against me.If you say so, Master, I am sure of it.I do say so. Now, are you afraid for me?No, Master, except Master, is it only our scholars who can read minds and. Are there other scholars, other places, who can oppose you?For a moment Gendibal was staggered. The woman had an astonishing gift of penetration.It was necessary to lie. He said, There are none.But there are so many stars in the sky. I once tried to count them and couldnt. If there are as many worlds of people as there are stars, wouldnt some of them be scholars? Be perspectives the scholars on our own world, I mean?What if there are?They would not be as strong as I am.What if they leap upon you suddenly before you are aware?They cannot do that. If any strange scholar were to approach, I would know at once. I would know it long before he could harm me.Could you run?I would not have to run. But (anticipating her objection) ifI had to, I could be in a new ship presently better than any in the Galaxy. They would not catch me.Might they not change your thoughts and make you stay?No.There might be many of them. You are but one.As soon as they are there, long before they can imagine it would be possible, I would know they were there and I would leave. Our whole world of scholars would then bust against them and they would not stand. And they would know that, so they would not dare do anything against me. In fact, they would not want me to know of them at all and yet I will.Because you are so much better than they? said Novi, her face shining with a doubtful pride.Gendibal could not resist. Her native intelligence, her quick understanding was such that it was simple bliss to be with her. That s oftvoiced monster, Speaker Debra Delarmi, had done him an incredible favor when she had forced this Hamish farmwoman upon him.He said, No, Novi, not because I am better than they, although I am. It is because I have you with me.I?Exactly, Novi. Had you guessed that?No, Master, she said, wondering. What is it I could do?It is your mind. He held up his hand at once. I am not reading your thoughts. I see merely the outline of your mind and it is a smooth outline, an unusually smooth outline.She put her hand to her forehead. Because I am unlearned, Master? Because I am so foolish?No, dear. He did not notice the manner of address. It is because you are honest and possess no guile because you are truthful and speak your mind because you are warm of heart and and other things. If other scholars send out anything to touch our minds yours and mine the touch will be instantly visible on the smoothness of your mind. I will be aware of that even before I would be aware of a touch on my own mi nd and I will then have time for counteractive strategy that is, to fight it off.There was a silence for long moments after that. Gendibal realized that it was not just happiness in Novis eyes, but exultation and pride, too. She said softly, And you took me with you for that reason?Gendibal nodded. That was an important reason. Yes.Her voice sank to a whisper. How can I help as much as possible, Master?He said. take a breather calm. Dont be afraid. And just just stay as you are.She said, I will stay as I am. And I will stand between you and danger, as I did in the case of Rufirant.She left the room and Gendibal looked after her.It was strange how much there was to her. How could so simple a creature hold such complexity? The smoothness of her mind structure had, beneath it, enormous intelligence, understanding, and courage. What more could he ask of anyone?Somehow, he caught an image of Sura Novi who was not a Speaker, not even a Second Foundationer, not even educated grimly at his side, playing a vital auxiliary role in the free rein that was advent.Yet he could not see the details clearly. He could not yet see precisely what it was that awaited them.A single Jump, muttered Trevize, and there it is.germanium? asked Pelorat, looking over Trevizes shoulder at the screen. atomic number 32s sun, said Trevize. betoken it Gaia-S, if you like, to avoid confusion. Gaiactographers do that sometimes.And where is Gaia itself, then? Or do we call it Gaia-P for planet?Gaia would be sufficient for the planet. We cant see Gaia yet, however. Planets arent as easy to see as stars are and were still a hundred microparsecs away from Gaia-S. Notice that its only a star, even though a very bright one. Were not close enough for it to show as a disc. And dont stare at it directly, Janov. Its still bright enough to damage the retina. Ill throw in a filter, once Im through with my observations. Then you can stare.How much is a hundred microparsecs in units which a mytholog ist can understand, Golan?Three billion kilometers about twenty times the remoteness of finis from our own sun. Does that help?Enormously. But shouldnt we get adjacent?No Trevize looked up in surprise. Not right away. After what weve heard about Gaia, why should we rush? Its one thing to have guts its another to be crazy. Lets take a look first.At what, Golan? You said we cant see Gaia yet?Not at a glance, no. But we have telescopic viewers and we have an excellent computer for rapid digest. We can certainly study Gaia-S, to begin with, and we can perhaps make a few other observations. Relax, Janov He reached out and slapped the others shoulder with an avuncular flourish.After a pause Trevize said, Gaia-S is a single star or, if it has a companion, that companion is much farther away from it than we are at the present moment and it is, at best, a red dwarf, which means we need not be concerned with it. Gaia-S is a G4 star, which means it is perfectly loose of having a livabl e planet, and thats good. If it were an A or an M, we would have to turn around and leave right now.Pelorat said, I may be only a mythologist, but couldnt we have determined the spectral class of Gaia-S from Sayshell?We could and we did, Janov, but it never hurts to check at impending quarters. Gaia-S has a planetary system, which is no surprise. There are two gas giants in view and one of them is nice and large if the computers distance estimate is accurate. There could easily be another on the other side of the star and therefore not easily detectable, since we happen by chance to be somewhat close to the planetary plane. I cant make out anything in the inner regions, which is also no surprise.Is that bad?Not really. Its expected. The habitable planets would be of rock and metal and would be much smaller than the gas giants and much closer to the star, if theyre to be warm enough and on both counts they would be much harder to see from out here. It means well have to get in considerably closer in order to probe the area within four microparsecs of Gaia-S.Im ready.Im not. Well make the Jump tomorrow.Why tomorrow?Why not? Lets give them a daytime to come out and get us and for us to get away, perhaps, if we spot them coming and dont like what we see.It was a slow and cautious process. During the day that passed, Trevize grimly say the calculation of several different approaches and tried to choose between them. Lacking hard data, he could depend only on intuition, which unfortunately told him nothing. He lacked that office he sometimes experienced.Eventually he punched in directions for a Jump that moved them far out of the planetary plane.That will give us a better view of the region as a whole, he said, since we will see the planets in every part of their orbit at maximum manifest distance from the sun. And they whoever they may be might not be quite as watchful over regions outside the plane. I hope.They were now as close to Gaia-S as the near est and largest of the gas giants was and they were nearly half a billion kilometers from it. Trevize placed it under full magnification on the screen for Pelorats benefit. It was an impressive sight, even if the three sparse and narrow rings of debris were left out of account.It has the usual train of satellites, said Trevize, but at this distance from Gaia-S, we know that none of them are habitable. Nor are any of them settled by human beings who survive, let us say, under a glass dome or under other strictly artificial conditions.How can you tell?Theres no radio noise with characteristics that point them out as of legal origin. Of course, he added, qualifying his statement at once, it is conceivable that a scientific outpost might go to great pains to shield its radio signals and the gas giant produces radio noise that could cover what I was looking for. Still, our radio reception is delicate and our computer is an extraordinarily good one. Id say the chance of human occupation of those satellites is extremely small.Does that mean theres no Gaia?No. But it does mean that if there is a Gaia, it hasnt bothered to settle those satellites. Perhaps it lacks the capacity to do so or the interest.Well, is there a Gaia?Patience, Janov. Patience.Trevize considered the sky with a seemingly endless supply of patience. He stopped at one point to say, Frankly, the fact that they havent come out to pounce on us is disheartening, in a way. Surely, if they had the capacities they were described as having, they would have reacted to us by now.Its conceivable, I suppose, said Pelorat glumly, that the whole thing is a fantasy.Call it a myth, Janov, said Trevize with a wry smile, and it will be right up your alley. Still, theres a planet moving through the ecosphere, which means it might be habitable. Ill want to observe it for at least a day.Why?To make sure its habitable, for one thing.You just said it was in the ecosphere, Golan.Yes, at the moment it is. But its orbit co uld be very eccentric, and could eventually carry it within a microparsec of the star, or out to fifteen microparsecs, or both. Well have to determine and compare the planets distance from Gaia-S with its orbital speed and it would help to note the direction of its motion.Another day.The orbit is nearly circular, Trevize said finally, which means that habitability becomes a much safer bet. Yet no ones coming out to get us even now. Well have to try a closer look.Pelorat said, Why does it take so long to arrange a Jump? Youre just taking little ones.Listen to the man. Little Jumps are harder to control than king-sized ones. Is it easier to pick up a rock or a lovely grain of sand? Besides, Gaia-S is nearby and space is sharply curved. That complicates the calculations even for the computer. Even a mythologist should see that.Pelorat grunted.Trevize said, You can see the planet with the unaided eye now. Right there. See it? The period of rotation is about twenty-two Galactic Hours and the axial inclination is twelve degrees. It is practically a textbook example of a habitable planet and it is life-bearing.How can you tell?There are substantial quantities of free oxygen in the atmosphere. You cant have that without well-established vegetation.What about intelligent life?That depends on the analysis of radio-wave radiation. Of course, there could be intelligent life that has abandoned technology, I suppose, but that seems very un presumable.There have been cases of that, said Pelorat.Ill take your word for it. Thats your department. However, its not likely that there would be nothing but pastoral survivors on a planet that frightened off the Mule.Pelorat said, Does it have a satellite?Yes, it does, said Trevize casually.How big? Pelorat said in a voice that was suddenly choking.Cant tell for sure. Perhaps a hundred kilometers across.Dear me, said Pelorat wistfully. I wish I had some worthier set of expletives on instant call, my dear chap, but there was just th at one little chanceYou mean, if it had a giant satellite, it might be country itself?Yes, but it clearly isnt.Well, if Compor is right, Earth wouldnt be in this Galactic region, anyway. It would be over Sirius way. Really, Janov, Im sorry.Oh well.Look, well wait, and risk one more small Jump. If we find no signs of intelligent life, then it should be safe to land except that there will then be no reason to land, will there?After the next Jump, Trevize said in an astonished voice, That does it, Janov. Its Gaia, all right. At least, it possesses a technological civilization.Can you tell that from the radio waves?Better than that. Theres a space station circling the planet. Do you see that?There was an object on display on the viewscreen. To Pelorats unaccustomed eye, it didnt seem very remarkable, but Trevize said, Artificial, metallic, and a radio-source.What do we do now?Nothing, for a while. At this stage of technology, they cannot fail to detect us. If, after a while, they do nothing, I will beam a radio message at them. If they still do nothing, I will approach cautiously.What if they do do something?It will depend on the something. If I dont like it, then Ill have to take payoff of the fact that it is very unlikely that they have anything that can match the facility with which this ship can make a Jump.You mean well leave?Like a hyperspatial missile.But well leave no wiser than we came.Not at all. At the very least well know that Gaia exists, that it has a working technology, and that its done something to scare us.But, Golan, lets not be too easily scared.Now, Janov, I know that you want nothing more in the Galaxy than to learn about Earth at any cost, but please remember that I dont share your monomania. We are in an unarmed ship and those people down there have been isolated for centuries. deem they have never heard of the Foundation and dont know enough to be respectful of it. Or suppose this is the Second Foundation and once were in their deal if theyre annoyed with us we may never be the same again. Do you want them to wipe your mind clear and find you are no lifelong a mythologist and know nothing about any legends whatever?Pelorat looked grim. If you put it that way. But what do we do once we leave?Simple. We get back to Terminus with the news. Or as near to Terminus as the old woman will allow. Then we might return to Gaia once again more quickly and without all this inching along, and we return with an armed ship or an armed fleet. Things may well be different then.They waited. It had grown to be a routine. They had worn-out(a) far more time waiting in the approaches to Gaia than they had spent in all the flight from Terminus to Sayshell.Trevize set the computer to automatic dispirit and was even nonchalant enough to doze in his padded chair.This meant he woke with a start when the alarm chimed. Pelorat came into Trevizes room, just as startled. He bad been cut off while shaving.Have we received a message? a sked Pelorat.No, said Trevize energetically. Were moving.Moving? Where?Toward the space station.Why is that?I dont know. The motors are on and the computer doesnt respond to me but were moving. Janov, weve been seized. Weve come a little too close to Gaia.

Gates of Fire Book Report

Gates Of Fire Book Report Title Gates Of Fire LCpl Yaccarine A. J bed Author Steven Pressfield Publisher Turtleback Books Published 1999 This book is about the Spartans warrior finish and how it ties into the leatherneck corps values, and the present day warrior culture of our Marine Corps. My opinion on this book is that it is a great and interesting read that captures the attention of the ref and ties in ideally to our Marine Corps values. It depicts perfectly on what it is to be a warrior whether it is past, present, or future.I think that e actually Marine should read this book or at least look into the history of the Spartans and their dedication to their way of life and culture of war fighting. I strongly believe the book should remain on the Commandants reading list. Introduction My book report is on Gates of Fire by Steven Pressfield. He was a prior Marine leaving the Marine Corps in 1966, he was inspired to write this book based of the resemblance he saw with the Marines he served with and the champions he met presently and the warrior culture of the Spartans.His book has been taught in multiple places of military significance including the Marine Corps Basic School at Quantico, and it is added to the curriculum of the Naval War College. The book itself is about the legendary contest of Thermopylae and the three hundred Spartans who fought that battle knowing that the outcome was certain death. When reading the book you can clearly tell the levels of Honor, Courage, and Commitment these men had, and how they were volition to sacrifice e rattlingthing for their homeland.After reading this book readers leave alone clearly see how the author found the link between the Spartans, and the Marine Corps. Body The book starts off describing the very basics of the Spartan culture, what makes them Spartans, how they are made, and the trials they had to face to earn their place amongst the other Spartans. When Spartans are born from the day of birth they ar e inspected, the ones who seem weak or unfit are knock downed to preserve the warrior culture. From a early age the children are interpreted away from their parents and put through a series of trials, one of which is to kill a slave.At a young age the children are already forced to kill, steal, and survive in a merciless environment that in the future testament give them the mental fortitude to be amongst the greatest warriors known to history. At the age of eighteen they are thrown into the wilderness to fend for themselves, with nothing besides will they must do this, and if they can make it back to their society they will be official Spartans. The main character of the book King Leonidas is the one who ultimately decides to take his warriors to the Gates of Fire to delay the Persian army of King Xerxes as long as possible.He selects three hundred of his finest Spartans and departs knowing very well that they will not return. This is where the Spartan culture ties into that of the Marine Corps, King Leonidas and his men had the courage to go face overwhelming odds knowing that the chances of choice were slim if even there. Given opportunities of surrender or retreat the Spartans denied them choosing rather to die and give Sparta as much time as possible be capture to save their own lives.This can relate to the present Marine Corps in many ways, it is well known that the Marine Corps fights and wins battles, and that we do not surrender we win or we die that is what is expected of us. Just as the Spartans did in ancient Greece we ware upheld those basics of a warrior culture even when others have not, and that sets us apart from other services, because we live by those values. Sometime during the battle King Xerxes seeing the prowess of the Spartans, and their ability for war sought to make a truce with King Leonidas.Promising wealth, and success Xerxes attempted to bribe Leonidas to join him telling him he could have it all if he would simply kneel bef ore him. Leonidas cursorily refused the offer, of power and told Xerxes that they will continue to fight. Outraged by this Xerxes sent wave after wave of his men into the Spartan formation. Leonidas had honor in his actions, doing the right thing, commanding personal gain, and staying faithful to Sparta and his men. With the Marine Corps value of honor, we as Marines also do these things.With espirit de corps, and a unswerving loyalty to our country we have always been looked upon to do the right thing even when others will not. Even our motto Semper Fidelis is our promise to upkeep that honor. In the end of the book the Spartans end up being surrounded, their flanks taken and completely out numbered Xerxes asks Leonidas one last time if he will kneel. In one last act of defiance Leonidas and his men make a final stand and a attempt on Xerxes life fully well knowing that there was no escaping a certain death.Their commitment to their cause was unwavering believing fully in what the y fought for they were committed to the point of willfully giving up their lives for their cause and they did so with pride. This one final act ties into how the Marine Corps is very much like the Spartans of old as the showed that final value that is used by our own warrior culture daily. Marines signing a expurgate many of them giving up four years if not more of their life fully committed to something they believe in. With many others giving up their lives for a cause that they truly believe in.Conclusion Overall I think this book was great, it showed a clear link on our warrior culture, and the warrior culture of the Spartans. It showed that our Corps values are the values of a warrior culture and it was shown through one of the most infamous warrior cultures in history. It not only was a entertaining read but it taught precious lessons, and gave a understanding of what it means to be a warrior and what is expected of warriors, and like the Spartans the Marine Corps using thos e values as a base will allow our actions to echo through out eternity. Signature X___________________________________

Economics of Risk and Problems Essay

Please, tell apart(a) the following two applied problems in a Word or outmatch document. Show solely your calculations and explain your results. Submit your assignment in the move box by using the Assignment Submission button.Problem IIVolkswagen is considering gap an Assembly Plant in Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the production of its 2012 Passat, tailored for the US market. The chief executive officer of the company is considering two potential fillings for the size of the plant whizz is a sizable size with a projected annual production of 150,000 cars, and the other one is a smaller size plant, which is cheaper to build, but shag only produce up to 80,000 cars per year. Depending on the expected level of demand for these cars in the US, Volkswagen has to decide which option is more profitable. The discount rate is 6% and for simplicity purposes, the CEO is only evaluating a two-year horizon. The initial factory setup cost, the expected demand scenarios, profit, and proba bilities be shows in the below table. Calculate the Net Present Value in apiece of the two options. Which option should the CEO choose and why? Please, show all your calculations.Business General BusinessEconomics of Risk and Uncertainty Applied Problems. Please, complete the following 3 applied problems in a Word or Excel document. Show all your calculations and explain your results. Submit your assignment in the use box by using the Assignment Submission button.1. A generous university benefactor has agreed to donate a large amount of money for schoolchild scholarships. The money can be provided in one lump-sum of $10mln, or in parts, where $5.5mln can be provided in year 1, and another $5.5mln can be provided in year 2. Assuming the opportunity inteFind needed answers here https//bitly.com/1oJN1CdSelect difficult classes that will stimulate your interest instead of conventionally easy classes. dispute yourself and you will reap the rewards. Youll be able to learn a lot mor e and this can help you create a network of people that can assist you later on when youre seeking out a career. Business General BusinessEconomics of Risk and Uncertainty Applied Problems. Please, complete the following 3 applied problems in a Word or Excel document. Show all your calculations and explain your results. Submit your assignment in the drop box by using the Assignment Submission button.1. A generous university benefactor has agreed to donate a large amount of money for assimilator scholarships. The money can be provided in one lump-sum of $10mln, or in parts, where $5.5mln can be provided in year 1, and another $5.5mln can be provided in year 2. Assuming the opportunity interest rate is 6%, what is the present value of the second alternative? Which of the two alternatives should be chosen and why?How would your termination change if the opportunity interest rate was 12%? Please, show all your calculations.2. Volkswagen is considering opening an Assembly Plant in Cha ttanooga, Tennessee, for the production of its 2012 Passat, tailored for the US market. The CEO of the company is considering two potential options for the size of the plant one is a large size with a projected annual production of 150,000 cars, and the other one is a smaller size plant, which is cheaper to build, but can only produce up to 80,000 cars per year. Depending on the expected level of demand for these cars in the US, Volkswagen has to decide which option is more profitable. The discount rate is 6% and for simplicity purposes, the CEO is only evaluating a two-year horizon. The initial factory setup cost, the expected demand scenarios, profit, and probabilities are shows in the below table. Calculate the Net Present Value in each of the twooptions. Which option should the CEO choose and why? Please, show all your calculations.3. An angel investor is considering investing in one of two start-up businesses and is evaluating the expected returns along with the risk of each op tion in order to choose the better alternative.

Investigatory Project on Mouthwash

I- INTRODUCTION A. Background of the study An effective mouthwash is one that does not only make the breath alert but also serves as an antiseptic. It should not simply mask the effective mouth odor caused by excessive activity of anaerobic bacteria inhabiting the mouth. at that place is a need to prevent the increase in the population. B. Statement of the problem A mouthwash is a solution in addition to regular oral hygiene methods such as brushing and flossing.Alternative mouth gargles can be prepared from locally available plants such as herbs and fruit way ones. Certain plant parts may have active ingredients that have antimicrobial activity. An example is the Star orchard apple tree (chrisophyllum cainito) that contains essential oils found to be expeditious in neutralizing mouth conditions and in freshening breath. This study aims to answer following questions Is Star Apple leaves decoction can be effective mouthwash? Can the Star Apple leaves extract kill the bacteria inh abiting in the mouth ? C. Significance of the study In this study the people will benefit because they can use it in the prevention of dental diseases and maintenance of the oral health and it can be used for preventing gums and oral infections. D. Scope and Delimitation of the study This study only time-tested the feasibility of Star Apple leaves as mouthwash. RecommendationIt is suggested that more research be conducted to further isolate, identify, characterize and elucidate the bioactive compounds from Chrysophylum albidum. In conclusion, the result of this study justifies the conventional uses of the leaves of Chrysophylum albidum for therapeutic purposes. The findings could also be of commercial interest to both pharmaceutical companies and research institute in the production of new drugs.?

Outline Paper Title: the Common Law Tradition and Sources of Law Essay

I. THESIS STATEMENTA. Common rightfulness is a wakeless system that is largely organize by the decisions previously made by woos and non imposed by legislatures or other presidency officials. The argument used to interpret this type of police is known as casuistry, or lesson- ground reasoning. It is a strict, principle-based reasoning that uses the circumstances of a case to evaluate the laws that ar applicable. Decisions that were made about similar cases atomic number 18 valuable, and the case in question is evaluated on the basis of past cases. The strength of the similarity among the cases, in turn, strengthens the reasoning based on them. B. The term common law also underlines the fact that this type of law did not lift from equity, maritime and other special branches of law. Statutes serve as brief explanations of law and thitherfore are not very explanatory.Codification is the process by which a statue is passed, expressed within a single document, so that it is un derstood within existing law rather than creating the need for impertinent laws. C. The common-law system prevails in England, the unify States, and other countries colonized by England. The common-law system is used in all the distinguishs of the United States except Louisiana, where French Civil lawfulness combined with English Criminal lawfulness to form a hybrid system. Anglo-American common law traces its roots to the medieval idea that the law as handed come out from the kings salutes represented the common custom of the people.II. WHAT IS COMMON LAW?A. Common Law is the frame of law developed from custom or judicial decisions in English and U.S. courts, not attributable to a legislature.III. WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF AMERICAN LAW?A. The United States Constitution and the constitutions of the various countrys B. Statutory Law including laws passed by Congress, kingdom legislatures, and local governing bodies. C. Regulations created by administrative agencies (such as the United States Food and Drug Administration). D. Case law and common law doctrines.E. Secondary sources of law are books and articles that summarize and clarify the primary sources of law (i.e., legal encyclopedias, treatises, and articles in law reviews).Several SourcesConstitutional, statutory, and case lawthese are your tools. The United StatesConstitution is the overriding document. It is the Supreme Law of the Land. Each defer has its own constitution. State and national regulations are interpreted by judgesthrough case law. These sources play in for each one recitation area. For example,constitutional law governs searches and seizures in a criminal matter. Statutesprovide the framework for real estate transactions, and case law interprets andapplies both constitutional and statutory law. There is much to learn.IV.CONSITUTIONAL LAWA. The federal Constitutioni. The United States Constitution, as amended, is the supreme law of the land. ii. A law in violation of the Unit ed States Constitution go away be declared unconstitutional and exit not be enforced. iii. The United States Constitution sets off the powers of the three branches of the federal government and the relationship between the three branches. iv. Constitutional Rights1. The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are commonly known as the Bill of Rights. v. The Courts and Constitutional Law1. The broad principles enunciated in the Constitution are given form and substance by the courts.2. Courts Balance the Right to Free Speecha. Even though the First Amendment guarantees the right to free speech, the Supreme Court has made it clear that trustworthy types of speech will not beprotected.3. Free Speech and the Interneta. The Internet has raised new problems for the courts in determine how to define and apply the protections of free speech.B. State Constitutionsi. Each state also has a constitution that sets forth the general organization, powers, and limits of the state government. ii. A state constitution is supreme within the states individual borders, so long as it does not conflict with the United States Constitution. C. Constitutional Law and the Paralegali. Paralegals a great deal assist attorneys in handling cases that involve constitutional rights or provisions. ii. Knowledge of constitutional law is skillful because the authority and underlying rationale for the substantive and procedural laws governing many areas of law are name in the Constitution.V. STATUTORY LAWA. Statutes are the laws enacted by legislative bodies at any level of government.B. Federal Statutes.i. Federal statutes are enacted by the United States Congress and apply to every state. ii. Any federal statute that violates the United States Constitution will be held unconstitutional.C. State and Local Statutes and Ordinancesi. State statutes are laws enacted by state legislatures. ii. Any state law that is found to conflict with the United State Constitution, or with th at states constitution, will be deemed unconstitutional.D. Uniform Lawsi. Uniform (model) statutes are drafted for adoption by the states. ii. A state can adopt or reject all or part of a uniform law, as the state legislature wishes. iii. An example of a uniform law is the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC).E. The Expanding mountain range of Statutory Lawi. Legislative bodies and administrative agencies assume an ever-increasing share of lawmaking.F. Statutory Law and the Paralegali. A paralegal may often assist in cases involving violations of statutory law. ii. A paralegal working on cases governed by statutory law needs to know how to both locate and interpret the relevant state or federal statutes.VI. ADMINISTRATIVE LAWA. Agency Creation and Functioni. Administrative agencies are created by legislatures to administer and enforce legislation and to issue rules to implement the goals of specific legislation. ii. Examples of federal administrative agencies are1. environmental Protectio n Agency2. Occupational Safety and Health Administration3. Food and Drug Administration.A. Administrative Law and the Paralegali. Paralegals frequently deal with administrative agencies. 1. Paralegals may also work for administrative agencies, drafting new rules, mediating disputes, and numerous other tasks. Consulting CasesCase law represents judicial opinions. Judicial opinions represent opinions written by judgeson a grouchy case. Understanding case law can be difficult. It requires analytical skills. Suchskills are acquired over time and subsequently reading many cases. But do not despair. When you findthat perfect case, it will be worth it.VII. baptismal font LAW AND THE COMMON LAW TRADITIONA. The Origins and Nature of the Common Lawi. Common law originated in medieval England with the creation of the kings court. ii. Courts developed the common law rules from the principles underlying judges decisions in actual legal controversies. iii. Judges attempted to be consistent. Wh en possible, they based their decisions on the principles suggested by earlier cases. iv. The practice of deciding new cases with reference to former decisions, or precedents, is a cornerstone of the American judicial system. v. look decisis means to stand on decided cases.vi. Under this doctrine, judges are expected to abide by the law as established by previous court decisions. vii. Sometimes a court will depart from precedent if it decides the precedent should no longer be followed.VIII. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF PRECEDENT TO THE JUDICIAL DECISION-MAKING dish?A. The judicial process is informative, thought-provoking and often insightful, albeit verbose. It is also timely given the intense political genius of current federal judicial confirmation proceedings.Under the doctrine of stare decisis, once a court has set forth a principle of law as being applicable to a certain set of facts, that court and courts of lower rank must adhere to that principle and apply it in hereafter cases involving similar fact patterns. Stare decisis have two aspects first, decisions made by a higher court are binding on lower courts and second, a court should not overturn its own precedents unless there is a strong reason to do so.IX. WHAT ARE EQUITABLE AND LEGAL REMEDIES?A. Equitable remedies are judicial remedies developed by courts of equity from about the time of Henry VII to provide more flexile responses to changing social conditions than was possible in precedent-based common law.

Ilm M4.01 Essay

managing directors contract subordinates muckle who hunt d stimulate at levels below the managers. 10 In synopsis10 Leadership and Adapt cleverness10 4. Communication and inter soulfulnessal relationships11 4. 1 Explanation11 4. 2 Barriers11 5. increment opportunities12 5. 1 Personal style14 5. 2 Personal outgrowth16 M4. 01 netherstanding the anxiety spot (Work based assignment) 1. Introduction 1. 1 My Role Principle Desktop Engineer Medway Council. The council employs around 7,000 pack in a wide mannequin of general and specialist someoneas.Staff ar based in the 2 main offices Gun bobtail Chatham Maritime and Civic Centre in Strood. As well as in schools, social run rivets and leisure, countryside, heritage and arts centres. My role within the organisation is Principle Desktop Engineer. I currently deal a team of 8 engineers and an apprentice. The main purpose of the vocation is to manage the desktop engineer team, providing an stiff and efficient desktop s ervice to Medway Council. A full Job description (JDQ) is listed at appendix 1. 2. Medway Council1Medway Council is a unitary council responsible for providing function, including education and social march, in Rochester, Strood, Chatham, Gillingham, Rainham, the nearby rural atomic number 18as and the Hoo Peninsula. The council everywherely ensures that people combine with regulations, supports business and tourism in Medway and kit and caboodle to include everyone and regenerate the atomic number 18a. Services People who need services keister adventure information on our website or at the councils main offices, the town centre contact points as well as in local papers and radio and in the wanton magazine for residents, Medway Matters.You can also pay online for m whatever services, including council tax, rent and parking fines and also complain if services ar not up to your expectations. Decisions Decisions ab bulge our services are made after asking people for their views about, for practice session, what core values should underpin decisions and much more. Councillors make decisions about everything from ref determination collection to regeneration of the area. It is their job to ensure that services are provided cost effectively, where they are needed and without discrimination. Council meetings are publicised in jump on and peniss of the public are welcome to attend.Partnership Working in alliance with others to tackle problems effectively and trend is co-ordinated through the Local Strategic Partnership and pose out in the community plan. Other examples of partnership working(a) are the Children and Young Peoples Partnership and Community Safety Partnership (CSP). Employer As an employer of around 7,000 people, Medway Council offers full and part-time career opportunities. 2. 1 The councils vision The Councils vision for Medway is that Medway volition be thriving, confident and healthy, a place where people are proud to live, work and learn.There exit be opportunities for everyone to achieve and succeed, and to get the most out of life. We give celebrate the diversity of our communities, tackling disadvantage in all its forms. The local economy give grow an increasing number and range of jobs created by the enlargement of existing businesses and the attraction of new ones. With a University for Medway offering opportunities for all local people, we get out set about a highly educated and skilled workforce, able to meet the needs of employers. Economic prosperity and progress allow not however, be achieved at the expense of the environment.People living in Medway will enjoy a high quality of life, with decent, affordable housing. There will be a responsive transport system, part to reduce traffic congestion. We will remediate the environment and maintain it for future generations. This can only be achieved through the participation of all the community, the Council, businesses and others sharing am bition and responsibility. We will listen to local people and collectively take fleece in improving the place where we live. Networks of voluntary assemblys working with local people will be encouraged. Medway Council will provide high quality services, al slipway working to improve value for money. all over and above this the Council will consult and involve local people so that decisions are taken on spending limited resources together. The Council will co-coordinate partnerships across boundaries to achieve common objectives. Medway Council will seek to set an example as a good and fair employer. Medway matters there is no limit to what we can achieve. Working together we will shape the future of Medway and create an environment of flourishing communities with people who fulfil their potential. . 2 Organisational social organization The council is made up of two directorates Children and Adults Regeneration, Community and Culture An additional partnership with NHS Medwa y includes The Public Health board of directors An organisational chart can be found at appendix 2 with a steering role table at appendix 3. 2. 2. 1 Functional areas and managerial roles in relation to its purpose Under the Medway Council Personal Development go over (PDR) there are several(prenominal) in-person qualities and attri barelyes (PQAs) which middle managers are assessed against payload to diversity and integrity promoting and managing diversity and demonstrating a fair and ethical approach in all situations openness to change proactively supporting change, seeking opportunities to promote improved organizational effectiveness Confidence and resilience consistently projecting and promoting a confident, controlled and focuse attitude in highly challenging situations Working with others leading, involving and motivating others twain within Medway and in the community Effective dialogue communicating effectively oth orally and in composing Commitment to de velopment committed and able to develop self, various(prenominal)s and teams to improve organisational effectiveness Problem solving apprehensiveness and applying relevant information to make appropriate decisions which reflect key priorities and requirements Situational sensory faculty maintaining an active awareness of the environment to promote safe and effective working Commitment to excellence leading groups to achieve excellence by the establishment, maintaining and managing performance requirements Planning and implementing creating and implementing effective plans to deliver a range of organizational objectives Political/organizational awareness recognizing the potential political impact and implications of actions from a strategic perspective These are primarily for operational lag but there is an expectation that all middle managers fulfil these roles. 2. 3 Stakeholders and their objectives A stakeholder is any individual or organisation that is affected by the activities of a business.They whitethorn suffer a direct or indirect interest in the business, and may be in contact with the business on a daily base of operations, or may just occasionally. Our main stake holders are Members they are elected, accountable and causa values and activities. Staff they will be interested in job security and pay. Agencies Shools, NHS, Housing, Police, Highways, Waste and realise Control. Other authorities SE7, a partnership of seven councils that have committed to working together to improve quality of services and to achieve savings. Stakeholders have an interest in the company but do not own it. I would suggest that most people would say the public would be the main stakeholder as the end-user.However there is a stakeholder matrix which is used to assess how much power and influence they have to an organisation. Using this then influences how much attention/priority the organisation should allocate to each. pic 3. The role of manageme nt in achieving goals To achieve its goals and ensure that the stakeholders interests are continually analysed and met, the council employs middle managers. The council goals can only be achieved if everyone works as a team and supports the council vision and values. affection managers are an important component of this team. Middle managers have a responsibility within the organisation to implement at an operational level, the policy and programs set out by the senior managers and directors.They have a strong impact on the outcome of customer expiation, employee satisfaction and the efficiency and development of the organisation. Middle managers within the company also act as role models who say and represent the company they communicate and track the several(predicate) goals and policies ensuring information flows up as well as down. 3. 1 Responsibilities of middle managers Middle managers relay strategic objections from senior managers to their subordinates. They set local tar gets, review and evaluate, and discover back to senior managers. Communication is therefore crucial in the organisation to ensure everyone fully understands their roles and responsibilities.Middle managers play an important role in promulgating information to their staff from senior managers in an appropriate musical mode and understandable language to ensure duties are carried out efficiently and effectively, as we have a avocation as public servants to provide value for money. In essence they make it real. Various systems are in place to enable middle managers to provide evaluation on targets to senior managers, and provide entropy for Best Value Performance Indicators (BVPIs). Adairs Action Centred Leadership model can be used to show how middle managers can show achievement towards the organisations goals By Achieving the Task By Developing the Team By Developing Individuals Importantly as well, Adair set out these core functions of leadership and says they are vital to the Action Centred Leadership model Planning seeking information, defining projects, setting aims Initiating briefing, line of work allocation, setting standards Controlling maintaining standards, ensuring progress, on-going decision-making Supporting individuals contributions, encouraging, team spirit, reconciling, morale Informing clarifying tasks and plans, updating, receiving feedback and interpreting Evaluating feasibility of ideas, performance, alter self assessment Following training, Medway Council middle managers are involved in recruiting staff, conduct appraisals and performance management and absence management, in accordance with service procedures. Middle managers are specialists within their department or team. . 3. 2 Leadership/Management styles How you talk to your staff, how you motivate, how you substitute, how you solve problems and how you make decisions will depend on you view your role as a manager or as a leader.The table at appendix 4 lists the d ifferent styles. 3. 3 To lead or to manage You need both. The old proverb says that leadership is doing the overcompensate thing management is doing things right. The difference surrounded by the two is not as sharp as the verbal expression would suggest, and both are required for effective corporate growth leadership risk creates opportunities while management strictness turns them into tangible results. If your organization is not on a journey dont douse about leadership just settle for management advises John Adair. There is a direct correlation coefficient surrounded by the way people view their managers and the way they perform 2 Leadership vs. ManagementWhat is the difference between management and leadership? The biggest difference between managers and leaders is the way they motivate the people who work or follow them, and this sets the tone for most other aspects of what they do. Many people are both. They have management jobs, but they realize that you cannot buy hea rts, especially to follow them down a difficult path, and so act as leaders too. Managers have subordinates people who operate at levels below the managers. Leaders have followers, leaders do not have subordinates at least not when they are leading. Many organizational leaders do have subordinates, but only because they are also managers.But when they want to lead, they have to give up formal authoritarian control, because to lead is to have followers, and following is always a voluntary activity. In summary The table at appendix 5 summarizes the differences between being a leader and being a manager. This is, of course, an illustrative characterisation, and there is a whole spectrum between either end of these scales along which each person can range. Leadership and Adaptability We know that what will inspire or motivate one staff member, will not inspire or motivate another managers therefore need to be adaptable in their responses to staff. 4. Communication and interpersonal re lationships 4. 1 Explanation3Interpersonal communication is a crucial part of your everyday life, except you probably rarely think about the way in which you interact with other individuals. DeVito defines interpersonal communication theory as communication that takes place between two persons who have an established relationship the people are in some way connected Thus, as interpersonal communication can occur between romantic partners, business associates, doctors and patients, etc. , it permeates our lives. Often, you devote your interpersonal interactions to attempts at influencing the other individual in some way. 4. 2 Barriers One thing Ive seen as an inhibitor is people like to communicate in different ways. So as a manager, we need to really seek to understand for each person, what they prefer.Some may like short 1-1 sessions that focus on quick communication of facts. Some may like nightlong communication sessions and be comfortable talking about personal life. Some ma y want weekly 1-1s, some bi-weekly. Trying to tailor the communication style in personal interactions is important. Another inhibitor Ive seen is globally dispersed teams where communication can often take the form of instant message conversations and emails. I find that at least on occasion, suggesting a quick 5 minute call to cover something can really be of value allows a more personal level of communication and can also allow for off topic communication which can help people connect.Management is based on communication but being able to transfer that into drivers, performance, motivation and sustainability needs leadership and empowerment skills. It is the basis of self-reliance building. You can give someone a reprimand or praise and even both over a coffee and with genuine commitment you have a strong bond to build on. It converts into motivation when focused right. Its not just about communicating its about several crucial interplays of trust, motivation, inspiration, sup port and leadership. The main barriers we come across are solved on a trust related basis. Even a simple barrier like arriving late for work is a push-down storage without trust.Bottom line is each team player is different respect will give you the ability to enter and discuss. Trust will aid the action plan then follow up and final payment progress mechanisms facilitate team building and mentoring. 5. Development opportunities Every council employee has a PDR covering Performance over the last 6/12 months, achieved objectives/targets, areas of good performance. Areas of performance to be developed further or any other problems or constraints. Agreed priority objectives/targets for next 12 months (including any Corporate Plan objectives/targets). recapitulation of development and training over last 12 months. Agreed future development. section/department/authority. Managers comments. Employees commentsAll managers will manage differently as no two people are the same. Ho wever if a manager is able to critically appraise their own performance they will be able to identify areas to be developed, or at least to be aware of. The Johari window (Loft and Hingham) is a widely used model for understanding and training self-awareness, personal development, improving communications, interpersonal relationships, group dynamics, team development and inter-group relationships. 4 pic 1. The public area contains things that are openly known and talked about and which may be seen as strengths or weaknesses. This is the self that we choose to share with others 2.The underground area contains things that others observe that we dont know about. Again, they could be positive or negative behaviours, and will affect the way that others act towards us. 3. The unnamed area contains things that nobody knows about us including ourselves. This may be because weve never exposed those areas of our personality, or because theyre buried deep in the subconscious. 4. The privat e area contains aspects of our self that we know about and keep hidden from others. 5. 1 Personal style The main two styles used by myself now are Negotiating and Facilitating I carried out a self-assessment and had three of staff carry out the assessment for comparison.All four assessments are fairly well balanced showing my main two styles are Negotiating and Facilitating. auxiliary 6 is my self-assessment. Appendix 7 is an assessment by one of my senior engineers. This shows a lower result for directive and a higher result for Laissez-faire when compared to the other two staff assessments. This person is experienced, knowledgeable and trustworthy and has pride in his work. Appendix 8 is an assessment by one of my junior engineers. This shows an increase in Directing and a small decrease in Laissez-faire. This person is competent but still requires a fiddling coaching at times. Appendix 9 is an assessment by a fairly new member of staff.This shows a significant increase in Dire cting and a small decrease in Laissez-faire. This person being fairly new to the team still requires Directing while he gets used to the policies and working practices of the organisation. From the assessment results, it is clear that my main two leadership styles are Negotiating and Facilitating, this fits in well with the organisation and is both encouraged and supported by the business. I believe I use the following styles Style 1 the directing or telling leader. This style I use on new members of staff and for projects that are high priority and need to be completed by the book. Style 2 the coaching or selling leader.I use this style when dealing with the every day workloads, I have two senior engineers who manage the internal and external work queues seperately. I leave them to orghanise there own history but monitor both queues and expect feed back from them. Style 3 the supporting or participating leader. I use this style during when I have smaller projects that I can delegate to my engineers knowing that they are fully capable of achieving the goals laid down. Style 4 the delegating leader. I use this when I delegate more complex projects to my senior engineers knowing that they are fully capable of achieving the goals set out and will seek my advice/approval if any changes are required during the project. 5. 2 Personal development My areas for self improvement would be 1.Communication, change leadership is enhanced when leaders communicate a brusque at a time, as often as possible, in as many different ways as possible, and providing as many different perspectives as possible. Once team members have built their own personal model of the future and have checked it out against the reality of what is happening on the ground, so that they can once again begin to make their own decisions, the communication process will have served its purpose. This could be achieved by allowing time for more team meetings to pass on any changes that may be in the pipeline, get an update on how the team feel in general. What has worked can we improve on current working practices to give an improved and more efficient service to the organisation.What hasnt worked and why, analyse where the task went wrong and see if it can be avoided in the future, lessons learnt. Finally to give praise/rewards where/if appropriate. 2. Self awareness, more patience with both team members and customers, being an autocratic leader for 20 years leaves its mark. My own personal development plan can be found at appendix 10 Possible organisational improvements 1. Review working practices on a regular basis and try to improve on them making work more productive, efficient leading to a more effective service to the organisation picpic 1 Medway Council website 2 Adair, 1997 3 DeVito, J. A. (2004). The interpersonal communication book, 10th ed. Boston Pearson-Allyn & Bacon. 4 Google Images